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Brain Research : The Development - Coggle Diagram
Brain Research : The Development
Late 18th& early 19th Century
Gall
Conclusion that structure &
function were related
Structure of brain & people's behavior
Emergence of theory of localization
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
Late 19th & early 20th century
Hughlings-Jackson's observation of recurrent patterns
Connection between stimulus event in specific brain areas
Muscular response of specific body size
Evidence in support of the theory based on Fritsch & Hitzig's experiments on dogs
David Ferrier continued experiment on other species
(Monkeys, frogs, guinea pigs)
Used the method of ablation (surgical removal)
Extended investigation beyond motor centers to include sensory centers
Brain- the organ of the mind
Insight from Psychology: Sheperd ivory Franz
Challenged theory of localization of function
Training animals in new habit after removal of brain part (frontal lobe?
New habits lost but old one retained
Animals could relearn lost new habits
Generalized to human
Functional restitution or reeducation after brain lesions
Brain= integrated whole
Insight from Psychology : Karl Lashley
Theory of localization- Oversimplified, argued instead that function of every center dependent on its relation to rest of intact nervous system
Principal of equipotentiality
Principal of Mass action
Conducted experiment by training rats to find their way through mazes
Insight from neurosurgeons
Wilder Penfield
Surgeon + experimentar
Professor of neurology
400 operations on the brain
Patients with epileptic seizures and brain tumors
Continued brain exploration based on opportunities presented while treating patients
Construct MAP of brain
Muscular contractions
Mental phenomena
Memory
Psychical states
Donald O.Hebb
Attempted to explain how neural circuits work
Torsten Wiesel & David Hubel
Research on visual system
Neurons that specially detect certain features
Connection to neurons impeded when the use of the organ is also impeded
Connection between the eye and cortical neurons permanently disrupted when kitten is deprived of the use of one eye for a period by closing it's eyelid
Roger Sperry
Physiological psychologist
Investigate the role of the two hemispheres
In a normal brain, stimuli entering one hemisphere is rapidly communicated by way of the corpus callosum to the other hemisphere
Brain split research