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培训教材
TRAINING MATERIALS download (76), 培训中对视听辅助设备 (AVA) 的要求
REQUIREMENT…
培训教材
TRAINING MATERIALS 
1.简介INTRODUCTION
组织职业技能和知识以供指导的步骤和书面计划
the steps and written plans used in organizing the skills and knowledge
b. Training facilities, equipment, and materials are used efficiently.
培训设施、设备和材料得到有效利用。
c. Training time and learning activities are scheduled in the correct sequence and proportions.
按正确的顺序和比例安排培训时间和学习活动。
d. Unnecessary repetition in instruction is avoided.
避免不必要的重复教学。
e. Instructors, trainees, and employers have confidence in the training programme
讲师、学员和雇主对培训计划充满信心
a. The requirements of syllabus and training standards are satisfied.
满足教学大纲和培训标准的要求。
有组织和有计划的指导
organized and planned instruction
制定长期计划Long range plans
确保按照既定标准完成教学大纲中要求的培训
ensure that the training called for in the syllabi is accomplished
2.书面教学材料的分类CLASSIFICATIONS OF WIN
给教师用于教学
用于组织计划 To organize or plan
用作教学工具 Used as teaching devices
教学说明Instruction sheet
资讯表 Information sheets
vii.任务表assignment sheets
vi.工作表 Work sheets
v.实验表experiment sheets
iv.操作表 Job operation sheets
iii.报告表 Job report sheets
ii.计划表 Job plan sheets
i.作业表
- 使用标准格式的原因
REASONS FOR USING STANDARD FORMATS
a. 由不同的教师或在不同的地方准备
prepared by different instructors or at different places
b. 必须相互兼容
compatible with each other
c. 重要性
essential
a.最大限度地利用所制作的教学材料
To attain maximal utility of the instructional material produced
b. 加快为所有培训计划的速度
To accelerate the rate at which sufficient quantities of materials are made available for all of the training programmes.
c. 避免浪费时间编写内容重复的教学材料
To avoid having instructors waste time writing instructional materials whose content merely duplicates those already written by the other instructor.
d. CIAST 软件开发
aSoftware Development Section, CIAST.
达到兼容性和通用性
achieve compatibility and universal usability
付诸实践的过程中相互补充
Complement each other in the process of putting it into practice
格式支持培训理念
formats support the philosophy of training
确保实施统一的培训方法
assure that uniform methods of training
1.1.编写教学材料的原因
REASONS FOR WRITING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL
具有独特性或专门性
unique or specialized in one way
符合特定培训理念
satisfy a particular philosphy of training
准备好研究与其职业相关的文献
be prepared to research the literature relevant to their occupations
更新或原创涉及新流程
up-date or originate instructional materials dealing with the new processes
培训中对视听辅助设备 (AVA) 的要求
REQUIREMENT OF AUDIO VISUAL AID (AVA) IN TRAINING
1.视听教育媒体AUDIO-VISUAL EDUCATION MEDIUM
a.视觉媒体 Visual media
文件Documents
书籍Books
b.音频媒体 Audio media
电话Telephone
扬声器loudspeaker
录音机tape recorder
c.视听媒体 Audio-visual media
电视Television
Video player视频播放器
DVD 播放器DVD player
2.使用培训辅助工具的原因
REASONS FOR USING TRAINING AIDS
a.通过参与各种活动来学习engaging in a variety of activities
观看演示
Watching demonstration
听解释
Listening to explanations
问问题
Asking questions
回答问题
Answering questions
执行工作技能
Performing job skills
b.强调了感官在学习中的重要性 importance of the organs of sense in learning
特别吸引视觉和听觉感官
appeal specifically to the seeing and hearing organs of sense.
3.培训辅助工具的使用
USAGE OF TRAINING AIDS
a.显示隐藏在对象本身中的东西
To show something hidden in an object itself
b.通过重新安排其部件来简化复杂设备
To simplify a complex device by rearranging its part
c.展示太大而无法带入训练环境的东西
To show something too large to bring into the training environment
d.显示零件的关系
To show the relationship of parts
e.显示太小而无法让整个团队同时看到的东西
To show something too small for the entire group to see at once
f. 展示难以描述的机械或肌肉运动
To demonstrate a mechanical or muscular movement that is difficult to describe
g. 将新信息与旧信息进行比较
To compare new information with old
4.辅助工具类型Training Aids
a.黑板Chalkboard
草图Sketches
图表Diagram
定义Definitions
分布程序
Step-by-step procedure
b.图表、插图、表
Charts, illustrations, diagrams
过程很重要或需要比较时
processes are important or comparisons are needed
c.海报、卡通
Posters, cartoons
引起兴趣arouse interest
吸引注意力attract attention
指明方向give directions
激发灵感inspire
d.Objects物件
显示真实物件
show the real object
e.剖面图Cutaways
显示不透明物体的结构和相对位置
To show structure and relative position of opaque objects
f.模型Mock-ups
当成品不可用
when finished product is not available
g.高架和不透明投影仪
Overhead and opaque projector
将注意力集中在特定点
focus attention on a specific point
h.模拟Models
演示操作 demonstrate operation
i.展览Exhibits
展示成品 show finished products
g. 幻灯片（有声或无声）
Slide (sound or silent)
:
h.动图Motion pictures
i.多媒体演示Multi-media presentation
交互式播放视频 interactively play any combination of video
5.教具选择和使用建议
RECOMMENDATION FOR SELECTING AND USING TEACHING AIDS
a.演讲前
Before the presentation
确定目标
Determine the objectives
预览辅助工具
Preview aids
排练培训辅助工具的使用
Rehearse the use of training aid
准备就绪
Have everything ready
避免让辅助工具分心
Avoid letting aids become distractions
b.演示期间
During presentation
不要试图让辅导员代替指导员
Do not try to have the aid substitute for the instructor
适当时间展示每个辅助工具
Show each aid at the proper time
与学员交谈
Talk to the trainees, not to the training aid
不要在讨论模型时传递模型
Do not pass models around while they are being discussed
在放映电影或电影胶片之前清楚地说明要强调的内容
Explain clearly what are to be emphasized prior to showing the motion pictures or filmstrips
重新展示任何培训辅助材料
Reshow any training aid if necessary
6.良好的视觉训练辅助工具的特点
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD VISUAL TRAINING AIDS
解释一个抽象的想法
explain an abstract idea
足够清晰，合适的尺寸
Clear enough, suitable size
大号和粗体字体
Large and bold font
避免不必要的分心
Avoid unnecessary distraction
使用鲜艳的色彩
use of bright colours
按比例制作
made to scale
优质材料制成
made from quality materials
表现出良好的做工
show good workmanship
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