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A Global Conflict - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Total war lead to rationing because goods were in very short supply Under this system people could buy only small amounts of items that were also needed for the war effort. Rationing eventually covered a wide range of goods from butter, sugar, to shoe leather and oil.
  - - - Numerous facilities were converted to munitions factories. Nearly every able-bodied civilian was put to work. Unemployment in many European countries all but disappeared.
      - came to be known as 'the war to end all wars', as no conflict before World War One had caused destruction on this scale before. People wanted to believe that nobody would ever want to go to war again after it. (Sadly, we know it was not to be the last devastating war that the world would experience).
      - https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/45966335
      - Under the Treaty of Versailles which was drawn up after the war to essentially decide what would happen next, Germany lost about a tenth of its lands. Further treaties saw Bulgaria, Austria and Hungary all lose territory too.
    - - Women in war
        
        Although most women left the work force when the war ended, they changed many people’s views of what women were capable of doing.
        
        Total war meant that governments turned to women for help like never before. Thousands of women replaced men in factories offices, and shops, They even built tanks, munitions, and farmed
      - https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/12-things-you-didnt-know-about-women-in-the-first-world-war
- - - - Russia Withdraws
        
        In March of 1917 there is much Civil unrest in Russia- This was in large part due to Food and Supply shortages due to the war. Overall this forced Czar Nicholas to step down as leader.
        
        There was now a new provisional government which pledged to keep on fighting the war. Yet by 1917 the weary Russian army refused to proceed due to a staggering 5.5 million which were Killed, Wounded, or taken Prisoner.
        
        Concept: Revolution
        
        Eight months after this new government took order, a revolution took Russia by storm. Then in November of 17' Communist leader Vladimir Ilyich Lenin took power. He insisted on pulling Russia out from the war.
        
        One of his first acts as leader was to offer Germany a Truce. In march 1918 they reached an agreement and signed the Brest-Litovsk. Which ended the war between the two.
        
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      - The Central Powers Collapse.
        
        With the eventual total collapse of Russia Germany could not send all of it's troops to fight on the western front. With this more centralized army Germany made one last push making it to the Marne River 40 miles from Paris.
        
        At this time the German army was weak along with their supplies. The Allies recognized this and with the help of 140,000 U.S. troops they launched a counterattack. At the second battle of Marne tanks pushed through german lines, and with the arrival of 2 Million U.S. troops the steadily moved towards Germany.
        
        Soon the Bulgarians and Ottomans surrendered followed by revolutions in Austria-Hungary, and Germany. On November 18th 1918 Kaiser Willhelm II stepped down.
        
        Concept: Gov Systems
        
        Germany soon declared itself a republic, a rep of this Gov. then met with French commander Marshal Foch on a railway car near Paris where they signed an Armistice. World War I ended on November 11.
        
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        How did the surrender of the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria, and the revolution in Austria-Hungary lead to the end of WWI?
        
        A: Overall with all of these countries having to leave the war it only meant one thing. This was that the Germans would have to fight the Allies alone. This proved to be unsuccessful because the Germans were a slowly weakening force along with the fact that the U.S. was now involved in the war which would make it impossible for Germany to win.
        
        Did you know that some explosions on the French Battlefield were heard in England: https://kidskonnect.com/history/world-war-i/
- - - - Japanese overran German outposts in China. Captured Germany’s Pacific island colonies. English & French troops attacked Germany’s and seized control.
      - British & French recruited subjects in colonies. Came from India, South Africa, Senegal, Egypt, Algeria, & Indochina.
      - Many volunteered to help fight. Mohandas Gandhi- Indian political leader supported Indian participation
      - America Joins the Fight
        
        1917- war shifted to seas. Germans increased submarine warfare in Atlantic.
        
        Unrestricted submarine warfare- Jan. 1917, Germans announced submarines would sink without warning ships in Britain waters
        
        Primary weapon against ships- torpedo
        
        May 7, 1915, German U-boat torpedoed and sank Lusitania. Killed 1,198 & 128 U.S. Germany claimed the ship was carrying ammunition
        
        Americans were outraged & President Woodrow Wilson sent a protest to Germany. After two more attacks, Germans agreed to stop attacking neutral & passenger ships.
        
        Germans unrestricted submarine warfare in 1917 in fear of war in the U.S. Ignoring President Wilson's warnings, German U-boat sank 3 American ships.
        
        February 1917- Germany sent the Zimmermann note stating Germany would help Mexico "reconquer" lad it lost to the U.S.
        
        Zimmermann note was the last straw. Already felt a bond with Allies, specifically England. Shared many similarities and had ties with Allies.
        
        April 2, 1917, President Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany.
        
        Why did the Allies want to establish a supply line to Russia?
        The Allies wanted to establish a supply line to Russia so that that there was a geographic advantage. The Allies wanted to close in on Germany from the East & West.
        
        How did the Zimmerman Note draw America into the war?
        The Zimmerman Note drew America to war because it was a threat. It said that Germany would team up with Mexico to conquer the part of America that Mexico could've had.
        
        The Lusitania was a British passenger ship caring passengers including Americans. The ship was caring their ammunition as expected. Link Title
        
        War- The start of war for the Americans:
        
        Nationalism- was shown by Americans when attacks began.
      - The French and British were reduced to raising taxes in their Southeast Asian colonies. Link Title