Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Carboxylic Acid - Coggle Diagram
Carboxylic Acid
Reactions that form carboxylic acids
Oxidation of aldehyde
Regeants used are Acidified KMnO4 or acidified K2CrO7
Aldehyde + oxidising agent -> carboxylic acid
Condition: under reflux
K2Cr2O7 turns from orange to green
KMnO4 turns from purple to colorless
Oxidation of primary alcohol
Primary alcohol + oxidising agent -> carboxylic acid
Regeant used is acidified KMnO4 or acidified K2Cr2O7
K2Cr2O7 turns from orange to green
KMnO4 turns from purple to colourless
Oxidation of alkene
Alkene + KMnO4 -> Carboxylic acid + salt
Conditions: 1 alkyl group, KMnO4 needs to be hot
Acid hydrolysis of nitriles
Nitriles + Acid -> Carboxylic acid + salt
Condition: under reflux and diluted acid is used
Hydrolysis of esters
Ester + Acid -> carboxylic acid + alcohol
conditions: acid is diluted
this is a reversible reaction
Substitution
Conditions: heat required
Carboxylic acid + reagant -> OH replaced wit halogen + H3PO4/HCl + POCl3/HCl + SO2
PCl3 or PCl5 or SOCl2 as reageant
White flames of HCl can be seen when PCl5/SOCl2 is used
Reduction of carboxylic acids
Reducing agent used is LiAlH4
Req: LiAlH4 in dry ether, room temp.
Carboxylic acid + LiALH4 -> Alcohol + H2O
Neutralization reactions
With reactive metals
Bubbles formed are hydrogen gas
Carboyxlic acid + metals -> salt + hydrogen
With alkali
Carboxylic acid + alkali -> salt + water
There will be an increase in temperature
With metal carbonates
The CO2 formed turns limewater milky
Carboxylic acid + metal carbonate -> salt + CO2 + water
Esterification
Carboxylic acid + alcohol -> ester + water
Req: under reflux
The catalyst used is dilute acid.
Examples
