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Alcohol - Coggle Diagram
Alcohol
Created through
Electrophillic addition of Alkene
Alkene + H2O --> Alcohol
H3PO4 as catalyst
Conditions: 300C and 6 MPa
Oxidation of Alkenes
Alkene + KMnO4 -->Diol
Observations: Purple --> Colorless
Nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes
Halogenoalkane + NaOH --> Alcohol + Salt
Conditions: heated under reflux in a seales container
Reduction of Ketones
Ketone + Reducing agent --> Secondary Alcohol
Reducing agents: NaBH4 or LiAlH4 in dry ether
Reduction of Aldehyde
Aldehyde + Reducing agent --> Primary Alcohol
Reducing agents: NaBH4 or LiAlH4 in dry ether
Reduction of Carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acid + Reducing Agent --> Alcohol
Reducing agents: NaBH4 or LiAlH4 in dry ether
Hydrolysis of Esters
Acidified
Ester + H2O --> Alcohol
Reaction is reversible
Dilute acid as catalyst
Basic
Ester + NaOH --> Sodium ethanoate + Alcohol
Requires heat
Oxidation
Primary Alcohol + Oxidizing agent --> Aldehyde
Secondary Alcohol + Oxidizing agent --> Ketone
Oxidising agents: KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7
Conditions
Oxidizing agents need to be acidified (dilute H2SO4 may be used)
Heated under reflux
Observations:
KMnO4: Purple --> Colorless
K2Cr2O7: Orange --> Green
Substitution
With PCl3
Requires Heat
Alchohol + PCl3 --> Halogenoalkane + H3PO4
With PCl5
Alcohol + PCl5 --> Halogenoalkane + HCl + POCl3
With SOCl2
Alcohol + SOCl2 --> Halogenoalkane + HCl + SO2
With HX
Alcohol + HX --> halogenoalkane + Water
Dehydration
Alcohol --> Alkene + H2O
Al2O3 used as catalyst
Requires heat
Esterification
Alcohol + Carboxilyc acid --> Ester
S2SO4 ro H3PO4 as catalyst
Conditions: Heated underreflux
Reaction with Reactive Metal
Alcohol + Metal --> Metal alkoxide + H2
Metal ion replaces the H in -OH
Iodoform test
Alcohol + Oxidizing agent --> Ketone
Ketone + I2 + NaOH --> RCOONa + CHI3
Observation:Yellow Precipitate
Combustion
Alcohol + O2 --> H2O + CO2
