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Semantics - Coggle Diagram
Semantics
The seven types of meaning
Social meaning（社会）
What a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use like the time and the region in which the language is used
Connotative meaning（内涵）
communicative value
Conceptual meaning（概念)
logical, cognitive or denotative content.
the relationship between a word and the thing it refers to.
stable, in the dictionary
Affective meaning（情感）
reflect the personal feelings and attitudes
Reflected meaning（联想）
one sense of a word forms part of our response to another sense.
Collocative meaning（搭配）
The associations a word acquires on account of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment
Thematic meaning（主题）
the way a speaker or writer organizes the message, in terms of ordering, focus, and emphasis.
Classic theories of meaning
The referential (naming) theory 指称论
Words → Meaning
The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for.
The semantic triangle 语义三角
Words→Concepts→Things
contextulism
meaning shoud be studied in terms of situation, use, and context.
Baviorism (Bloomfield)
Componential analysis
a way to analyze lexical meaning. The approach is based on the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features.
Major sense relations
Synonymy 同义关系
Words that are close in meaning
Collocational synonyms
Synonyms that differ in their emotive or evaluative meaning
stylistic synonymys
Dialectal synonyms
Semantically different synonyms
Antonymy 反义关系
Gradable antonyms
Complementary antonyms
Relational opposites
Polysemy 多义
the same one word may have more than one meaning
Hyponymy 上下位关系
the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form
Homophone
Homogragh
Complete homonym
Homonymy 同音/同形异义
Semantic change
Broadening (词义扩大)
Narrowing (缩小)
Meaning shift (词义转移)
Class shift(词性变化)