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challenges to national unity - Coggle Diagram
challenges to national unity
Quebec sovereignty
union nationale
key interests
provincial autonomy
economic liberalism
conservatism
maurice duplessis
key leader in conservative party
wants sovereignty association
denies seperation
Referendum
1995 referendum
50.8/49.2 split
6 percent not counted
stopped by PET speech
Date confirmed
PET came back after promise
referendum couldn't be stopped
1980 referendum
60/40 split
didn't work because PET was in power
second attempt was promised at a later date
FLQ crisis
made to provoke independence in quebec
Terrorism
bombing, kidnapping and murders are included in FLQ crisis
occurred originally out if protest of anglo bosses
lead to war measures act
caused by 2 solitudes, anglo bosses and french workers
caused the idea of referendum to spread
Immigration
Last best west
excluded
black-africans
asian/south asian
targeted:
Russians
Slav
challenges with integrating European culture
Slav/Russians adapted to cold
Don't know language and culture is very different
Excluded cultures are similar and know langage
Will have to deal with cold
Chinese Exclusion Act
only 4 groups of Chinese immigrants allowed in:
kids born in canada
Merchants approved my Minister of Trade
Diplomats/goverment officials
Students
Passed by William Lyon Mackenzie King
point based system for immigration
Makes immigration fair
Brings standards higher
Removes Racism from Immigration
Removes Chinese Exclusion acts
Geography/Symbols
anthems
oh canada and god save our queen both national anthems
god save the queen doesn't unite canada
quebec unofficial anthem john paine
Quebecers are separated from Canada on a cultural level
creates 2 solitudes
Canadians who are removed from culture in Quebec
Quebecers have unity but not nationally
about love
West-East Trading system
Restricted Trade
Tariffs caused problems in far west
Turns to North-South based trading via NAFTA agreement
starts bringing American culture into Canada
Main market becomes US
Improves Can-Am relations
Promoted National Unity
liberal party wanted trade with US
liberal party split on free trade
conservative party takes north south trading system and promotes it
makes swap to north south system in 1988
symbols of national unity
Flags
canada gets maple leaf flag during quiet revolution
red and white represent england and france
liberals want new flag to promote national unity
proposed by leston pearson = has color of liberal party because o fRCMP which designed flag
union jack - canadas main flag till 1960s
red ensign secondary flag
Eric Hobsbawm- "all symbols are invented traditions"
Crown/indigenous relations
Indian act
supported discrimination and removed first nations rights
forced first nations to have passes to leave certain areas
land was taken
went from 1876 and abolished in 1951
went on for so long because of family heirs that wanted to keep benefits
Residential schools
controlled by catholic church
went on from 1870s to 1996
150000 kids involved
horrible education and beatings caused unemployment when indigenous students became members of the work forc
139 schools in total
promoted the phrase "kill the indian in the child"
truth and reconciliation
helped with justice for victims, this included:
money being paid out
official apologies from the government
made to recognize issues and problems in the first nations community
created because of official government apology for residential schools