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CVDs - Coggle Diagram
CVDs
atherosclerosis
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risk factors: smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, family history, obesity, stress and sedentary lifestyle
angioplasty/stenting, CABG and carotid endarterectomy
MI
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clinical signs and symptoms: chest pain, nausea, sweating and looking ill
complications: arrhythmias, heart failure, hypertension, DVT, death
angina
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drug therapy
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aspirin (preventive)
anti-coagulation therefore pt will bleed and bruise on surgical innervation, check for asthma symptom exacerbation with NSAIDs
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Arrhythmias
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clinical signs and symptoms: palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pain, hypotension
dental considerations: communication with patient, adrenaline (LA) may induce palpitations, anti-coagulant therapy therefore will bleed/bruise more
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Diabetes
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life style modification: diet, exercise and blood glucose monitoring
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dental considerations: short, morning appointments which don't interfere with meal times, antibiotic cover for wound infection prevention, know signs of hypoglycaemia and treat with glucose first
hypertension
drug therapy
diuretics
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hydrochlorothiazide, bendrofluzide, mannitol, frusemide
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ACE inhibitors
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captopril, cilazopril, enalopril
complications: impaired GFR, hypotensive effects
Betablockers
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propanolol, atenolol, metoprolol, carvedilol, celiprolol
complications: atrial fibrillation, heart failure, fatigue, bradycardia, hypotension
life style modifications
weight loss + exercise, reduced fat and sodium intake, diabetes control, smoking cessation, alcohol limitation
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heart failure
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drug therapy: diuretics, ACE inhibitors, nitrates and digoxin
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dental consideration: do not lower below 45 degrees, pt using diuretics may need bathroom breaks
Heart surgery/prosthesis
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Angioplasty/Stent
dental considerations: pt may be on anticoagulant therapy, consider antibiotic prophylaxis if tx within 6 months stent placement
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