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reading 4 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - incorporation of new information into existing knowledge
        
        behavioral schemas charactize infancy
        
        mental schemas develop in childhood
    - - assimilaton occurs when children incorporate new information into their existing schemas
      - accommodation occurs when children adjust their schemas to fit new information and experiences
    - - grouping of isolated bahaviors and thoughts into a highter-order systems
    - - is a mechanism that
        Piaget proposed to explain how children shift from one stage of thought to the next
  - - - which lasts from birth to about
        2 years of age, is the fi rst Piagetian stage. In this stage, infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating their sensory experiences
    - - out 2 to 7 years of age, it is more symbolic than sensorimotor thought but does not involve operational thought. However, it is egocentric and intuitive rather than logical.
        
        symbolic function substage occurs roughly between 2 and 4 years of age. In this substage, the young child gains the ability to represent mentally an object that is not present.
        
        intuitive thought substage starting at about 4 years of age and lasting until about 7 years of age. At this substage, children begin to use primitive reasoning and want to know the answers to all sorts of questions.
    - - which emerges at about 11 to 15 years of age, is Piaget’s fourth and final cognitive stage. At this stage, individuals move beyond reasoning only about concrete experiences and think in more abstract, idealistic, and logical ways
    - - lasts from about 7 to about 11 years of age. Concrete operational thought involves using operations. Logical reasoning replaces intuitive reasoning, but only in concrete situations
        
        transitivity The ability to reason and logically combine relationships.
        
        seriation A concrete operation that involves ordering stimuli along some quantitative dimension.
  - - - long list of masterful concepts, including assimilation and accommodation, object permanence, egocentrism, conservation, and hypothetical-deductive reasoning.
    - - Estimates of children’s competence.
      - Stages.
      - Training children to reason at a higher level.
      - Culture and education.
- - - - phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics
    - - early precursors of literacy and academic success include good language skills, phonological and syntactic knowledge, letter identification, and conceptual knowledge about print and its conventions and functions
    - - Children gain new skills as they enter school that make it possible to learn to read and write.
    - - includes increased sophistication in the use of words
- - - - A language’s sound system
    - - Refers to the units of meaning
        involved in word formation.
    - - ways that words must be combined to
        form acceptable phrases and sentences
    - - The meaning of words and sentences.
    - - The appropriate use of language in
        different contexts