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CURRICULUM CONCEPTIONS OF TECHNOLOGY, Definition of technology, :star…

- - - - rational practice aimed at realizing valued ends
      - creating tools that can transform matter, energy & information.
    - - tools or devices created by the technological process
    - - known concepts & principles necessary to make desired transformations.
  - - - Technology as Artifacts (cell phones & gaming device)
      - Technology as Human Practice (a social enterprise involving humans other than themselves)
      - Technology as a Creation Process (a purposeful engineering practice - new tool is designed to meet a need)
- - - - 😃Consistent with this curriculum conception, technology is not to be taught as a separate school subject in Brazilian public schools. Instead, it is to be integrated across school subjects.
      - 😃Technology is more than just a room filled with PCs; it is a reality that surrounds us in virtually all environments, regardless of the region of the country one is in (p. 31).
      - 😃Technology is currently found in our everyday life (p. 32).
      - 😃Technology is actually part and parcel
      - 😃Its inclusion in the school curriculum is justified in terms of recurrent statements of technological omnipresence (being everywhere, including the classroom) throughout the document:
  - - - 🎯Ultimate aim is to prepare Brazilian students to become members of a modern technology-based society elf.
      - 🎯Emphasising societal ends such as participatory citizenship and career preparation.
      - 🎯Enter a world of labor that has been revolutionized by the advent of new technologies (i.e., preparing informed users/skillful workers). As stated in the policy its:
  - - - 👨🏻‍🎓Students are to reflect on the relationship between “ideal” technology and culture,
      - 👨🏻‍🎓Students understand technology's role in the organisation of social and cultural life,
      - 👨🏻‍🎓Students evaluate its impact on the development and structuring of societies (e.g., considering the possibility of unethical technological progress threatening life within a society).
    - - 👨🏻‍🎓Students are to grasp the scientific principles built into the so-called “hard” technology (latest material tools and instruments),
      - 👨🏻‍🎓Develop an appreciation of its epistemic value—as tools central to the production of scientific knowledge
      - 👨🏻‍🎓Students are expected to understand technology as a scientific phenomenon.
      - 👨🏻‍🎓Scientists' efforts to explain the workings of the world.
    - - 👨🏻‍🎓Technology is treated mainly as a communicative/linguistic phenomenon. This includes the impacts brought about by technologies on the everyday life of a layperson.
      - 👨🏻‍🎓Understand its communicative value for one's personal life professional activity.
      - 👨🏻‍🎓Students are expected to become skillful in latest information technology
- - - - creative generation of options
      - rational choice
      - substantive knowledge
      - operative knowledge
- - - - Outlines expectations for what students in grades K-12 should learn and be able to do to be considered technologically literate.
      - FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND SKILLS OF STL
        
        1️⃣ The nature of technology
        
        2️⃣ Technology and society
        
        3️⃣ Design
        
        4️⃣ Abilities for a technological world,
        
        5️⃣ The designed world.
      - 🏫 41 STATES IN U.S. ADOPTED*
      - Emphasizing the technology literacy is critical for equipping all students with the necessary skills required to perform their jobs in our technological society.
      - Too much emphasis is placed to help students understand technology's place in society {including cultural, social environmental and political effects of technology.}
    - - NGSS conceive of technology as part of an epistemic cycle of advancement wherein scientific inquiry, engineering design, and technological development continuously interact and informing the others
      - This interdependence of Science, Engineering, and Technology is a core idea that students must grasp as a result of their schooling experiences (NGSS Lead States, 2013).
      - NGSS includes CONCEPT OF “COMPUTATIONAL THINKING” as one of several essential practices of science that K-12 students should master