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THE SPANISH WAR OF INDEPENDENCE - Coggle Diagram
THE SPANISH WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
The Spanish war of independence
1808 - 1813
2 May 1808
the people of Madrid rose up against the French occupation
they failed
it encouraged other parts of Spain to fight
the Spanish population fight against the French
The course of the war
Phases
1808–1812
guerrilla warfare began
There were sieges in some cities
For example
Zaragoza
Gerona
the French occupied all of Spain except for Cádiz
1812–1813
Napoleon took some of his troops from Spain to send them to Russia
The Anglo-Spanish and Portuguese troops won victories
French had to leave Spain
the Central Council signed a military alliance with Great Britain
In December 1813
Napoleon signed the Treaty of Valençay
Fernando VII returned to the throne
1808
Spanish forces won the Battle of Bailén
Cosequences
cities and industries were destroyed
a million people died
agriculture was abandoned
Local and provincial councils
they were governmental organisations
members were elected by the people
they were led by the Central Council
it represented Fernando VII in areas that had not been conquered
it had executive and legislative power
they were formed to fight against the French
The Cadiz Cortes
The Central Council took refuge in Cádiz
it was replaced by the Regency Council
Also called the Cadiz Cortes
first unified cortes in which each deputy had an individual vote
There were 223 deputies who were elected
the bourgeoisie were well-represented
Different groups were created
the supporters of Enlightenment ideas
wanted to establish a constitutional monarchy with
popular sovereignty
separation of powers
the absolutists
they wanted an absolute monarch
On 19 March 1812
they approved Spain's first constitution
it established the following principles
the separation of powers
guaranteed rights and freedoms
popular sovereignty with limited male suffrage
Catholicism as the official state religion
a constitutional monarchy
Consequences
all citizens became equal before the law
the constitution became a model for future constitutions
It ended the political structures of the Ancien Régime
