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Semantic Web - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Explication liée à une cible
      - can be graphic or textual
    - - Data over other Data
      - Giving info over electronic resources
      - Secondary info applied on primary resources
      - Used by search engines to respond to user needs
  - - - Using assocated text
      - Visual content
    - - Enrichir & compléter la description d'un service
      - Correspond description elements with reference ontology set
      - Simplify la gestion de services dans le Web
- - - - Develop Knowledge Based Systems
        
        Shareable
        
        Reusable
  - - - définit kes termes used pour décrire & represent un domaine de connaissance
      - Gruber
        
        Conceptualisation
        
        Explicit
        
        Formal
        
        Shareable
        
        Spécification explicite d'une conceptualisation
  - - - Node :Concept
        
        term
        
        signification
        
        instances
      - Arc : relationship
    - - Class
      - Relation
      - Hierarchy
      - Semantic Relations
      - Axioms
      - Instances
      - Attributes
    - - Conceptualisation
        
        Identify knowledges
      - Ontologisation
        
        Semi-Formalisation
      - Operationalisation
        
        Formalisation
      - Methods?
        
        TOVE
        
        Capture motivation scenarios
        
        Formuler des questions de compétences informelles
        
        Spéciﬁer la terminologie de l’ontologie
        
        Évaluer la completude de l’ontologie
        
        Enterprise
        
        Identiﬁer le role et la portée de l’ontologie
        
        Identiﬁer les concepts, les relations fondamentaux, et les deﬁnitions provisoires de ces
        éléments. Aussi intégrer des ontologies existantes
        
        Évaluer l’ontologie, rédiger une documentation et une trace des actions réalisées lors
        des diﬀérentes étapes
        
        Methontology
        
        Spéciﬁcation
        
        Quel est le domaine que l’ontologie va couvrir
        
        A quoi cette ontologie va servir
        
        Qui va utiliser et maintenir l’ontologie
        
        Conceptualisation
        
        Implémentation
        
        Maintenance
        
        ARCHONTE
        
        BACHIMONT
        
        Sensus
  - - - RBAC
      - REI
      - KAOS
    - - Informal
      - Semi-informal
      - Semi-formal
      - Formal
    - - Les ontologies de granularité ﬁne
      - Les ontologies de granularité large
- - - - Uniform resource locator
  - - - Documentary static Web
      - HTTP
      - URL
      - HTML
    - - Web 2.0
      - XML
      - Dynamic & collaborative
      - Inconvenients
        
        Matching keywords not concepts
        
        HTML does not help software agents
    - - Mobile Web
      - Application Web
        
        Interoperability problems with the echoes of the past
      - Semantic Web
        
        To be used by Software agents
        
        Human/Machine collaboration
        
        Sharing
        
        Raisonnement
        
        Volume d'information
  - - - Based on ontologies
    - - Unicode, URI
        
        Universal resource Identifier
      - RDF +S
        
        Resource description framework
      - OWL
        
        WebOntology Lang
      - High level layers
        
        proofs, logic, confidence...
    - - RDF +S
        
        Signature
        
        Annotation
      - OWL
        
        Data
      - XML,NS, XML-S
      - LOGIC
        
        DAta
      - Unicode
        
        URI
      - Proof
        
        Rules
      - Confidence
- - - - Frame
        
        Slots+
      - Slots
        
        Values+
    - - Propositional logic
      - First order predicate logic
        
        Non monotonic logic
        
        Fuzzy logic
        
        Probabilistic reasoning
    - - inference mechanisms
        
        La classiﬁcation de concepts
        
        La reconnaissance d’instances
      - Levels
        
        Terminologique
        
        TBox
        
        Concepts and roles
        
        Assertionnel
        
        Abox
        
        Instantiation d'un domaine
        
        Calling of concepts, relations
    - - Characteristics
        
        Représentation selon un graphe acyclique
        
        Plusieurs inférences
        
        IS a
        
        Instance of
      - is a graph
        
        Nodes
        
        entités élémentaires
        
        valeur,
        individu
        
        entités complexes
        
        Propostition, phrase
        
        Link set
        
        Domain (specific | Independent)
        
        ensemble d’opérations d’exploitation
  - - - Ressource
        
        <rdf:Description about="">
      - Propriété
        
        <rdf:Property about="">
      - Valeur
      - Limite en vocabulaire
      - Semantique limitée
    - - Terse RDF Triple Language
      - Concise RDF
      - A W3C STANDARD!!
    - - Can't create classes from Union, Insertion...
      - Added
        
        Domain
        
        Range
      - difference between class/instance
    - - Ontology Inference Layer
      - Based on RDF & DL
      - Unifies
        
        DL
        
        Frames
        
        XML, RDF
      - Class definition Levels
        
        Class definition
        
        DL operations
        
        Ontology's Meta Data
        
        domaine,
        
        Name
        
        Concept
    - - Goal
        
        Fournir les fondations pour la génération suivante du WS
      - Based on XML, RDF
      - Manque d'expressivité
    - - permits medeling
        
        Les classes de propriétés
        
        Les classes de ressources
        
        Les relations logiques entre classes (disjonction, union, equivalence, etc.)
        
        Les relations d’héritage entre les classes
        
        Les restrictions de propriétés et les types
    - - Extends DAML+OIL
      - Added
        
        More shareable
        
        Better Integration
        
        Evolutivity
        
        More rich vocabulary
        
        Equivalent class, property concept
      - Composed
        
        OWL LITE
        
        Hierarchy, cardinality constraints
        
        OWL DL
        
        Max expressivity
        
        OWL FULL
        
        ++ syntaxic liberty
    - - Clearly, formally describe Semantic Web Services
      - Machine interpretable
      - Successor of DAML-S
      - Interests
        
        Auto-Discovery & composition of services
        
        Auto-invocation (detection & interpretation)
        
        Auto-surveillance (pour le suivi du service)
      - Essential info to be defined for a service
        
        ServiceProﬁle
        
        IO parameters
        
        Fournisseur du service
        
        Description fonctionnelle
        
        Propriétés additionnelles
        
        ServiceModel
        
        Fonctionnement
        
        AtomicProcess
        
        Corresponds to WSDL operation
        
        I/O here corresponds to WSDL message
        
        msg types correspond to abstract types in WSDL
        
        SimpleProcess
        
        CompositeProcess
        
        ServiceGrounding
        
        Service use
        
        Technical details to access
        
        Pretty much an implementation
    - - Solutions
        
        tModel
        
        Output Concept ontology
        
        Input Concept ontology
        
        Assembly of each operation and I/O
        
        Represent the concept ontology representing operations in a certain domain
        
        SchemaGraph
        
        Make use of DAML, RDF-S / OWL
        
        Convert XML & Ontology into SchemaGraph
        
        Annotation
        
        XML -> temp Ontology
        
        Map that ontology with existing ontologies
        
        Use the result to get OWl-S files from WSDL file
    - - Ontologies give a terminology used by other elements
      - Objectives indicate what user want from the service
      - WSD define functional properties, non functional & behaviour
      - Use of mediators link elements
        to interoperate between components
    - - Extends XMLSD, WSDL
      - A recommendation of W3C
      - Based on WSDL
      - Mechs
        
        Make use of URI
        
        Association of WSDL and a concept from a semantic model