Relative Clauses
Relative pronouns
Reduced relative clauses
Defining relative clauses
Non-defining relative clauses
Position of prepositions
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Subordinate clause introduced by a relative pronoun
where
which
who/whom
There are 2 choices for the position of prepositions ("Who" or "that" are not used after prepositions).
Examples
It's used for people, and indicates a certain subject or pronoun.
It's used for things or animals
1) Before the relative pronoun. It is usually used in formal conversations.
Examples: I like the people with whom I work with.
That is the flat in which my parents live.
2) at the end of the relative clause. It is usually used in informal conversations.
Example: I like the people that I work with.
That is the flat in which my parents live in.
"This is a book which will interest you"
A past participle/student that was elected president: student elected president.
that
It's used for people or things.
"This is a movie that will surely scare you."
An adjective/person who was happy: happy person.
whose
It's used for people or things, but it indicates possesion.
"I know a man whose daughter lives in Mexico."
Composed of a relative pronoun, a verb, and other elements (optional) such as the subject or object of the verb.
"The guy who called me was angry."
Examples
It's a location-relative pronoun
Non-defining relative clauses gives use more information about a noun, do not define or identify the noun and are common in written English.
An elephant is an animal that lives in hot countries.
They live in a house whose roof is full of holes.
Children who hate chocolate are uncommon.
"The city of Culiacán, where i was born, is a really beautiful place"
Example: We visited the Hyde Park, which is close to Buckingham Palace.
In this sentence, the non-defining relative clause is giving us more information about Hyde Park. It is not necessary to define or indentify Hyde Park. We are simply giving extra information.
Rules:
We never use "that" in non-defining relative clauses.
The relative pronoun of a non-defining clause can never be omitted.