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Ecology of the School, Diversity and Equity, Macrosytems, Mesosytem,…
Ecology of the School
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a setting for intellectual and social experiences from which children develop the skills, knowledge, interest, and attitudes that characterize them as individuals and that shape their abilities to perform adult roles.
Diversity and Equity
Disability
handicap - something that hampers a person; a disadvantage, a hindrance
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inclusion - the educational philosophy that all children are entitled to participate fully in their school and community
disability - reduction in the functioning of a particular body part or organ, or its absence
handicapism - assumptions and practices that promote the deferential and unequal treatment of people because they are different physically, mentally, or behaviorally
individualized education program (IEP) - a form of communication between school and family, developed by the group of people (teacher, parent, and other involved personnel) responsible for the education of a child with special needs
Ethnicity
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cultural assimilation - the process whereby a minority (subordinate) cultural group takes on the characteristics of the majority (dominant) cultural group
cultural pluralism - mutual appreciation and understanding of various cultures and coexistence in society of different languages, religious beliefs, and lifestyles
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Macrosytems
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science and technology
influence how the curriculum is modified accordingly to enhance learning as new developments become available
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Mesosytem
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school-media linkages
TV, videos, and computers that expand and individualize children’s learning opportunities
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school–family linkages
involving the family in school by partnership, participation, meetings, and activities to support learning
Parental Options
Magnet school
a public school that offers special educational programs, such as science, music, or performing arts, and draws students from different neighborhoods by choice
School voucher
a certificate issued by the federal government in the amount the local school district would normally spend on a given child’s education at his or her assigned public school, which parents can apply toward tuition at a private school or use for reimbursement for home schooling expenses
Charter school
a school, authorized and funded by a public school district, formed by a group of parents, teachers, or other community members with a shared educational philosophy
Home-based school
Many families who choose home schooling do so because they believe it is the parents’ right to control their children’s education and to teach morals and values (usually religious) as they see fit
Goals
Social, civic, and cultural
Interpersonal understanding (various values, relationships, cultures)
Citizenship participation (understand history and representational government, make informed choices, contribute to the welfare of others and the environment)
Enculturation (awareness of values, behavioral norms, traditions, achievements of one’s culture and other cultures)
Moral and ethical character (evaluate choices, conduct, develop integrity)
Personal
Emotional and physical well-being (develop self-awareness, coping skills, time management skills, healthy habits, physical fitness)
Creativity and aesthetic expression (develop originality in problem solving, be tolerant of new ideas, appreciate various forms of creativity)
Self-realization (evaluate abilities and limitations, set goals, accept responsibility for decisions made)
Academic
Mastery of basic skills (reading, writing, arithmetic) and fundamental processes (communicating ideas, using information resources)
Intellectual development (accumulate general knowledge; think rationally, independently, and critically; solve problems; be curious)
Vocational
Career/vocational education (select a suitable occupation based on interest and abilities, develop appropriate work attitudes and habits, become economically independent and productive)
Chronosystem
adaptation to change
includes legislation for standards of achievement and assessment, such as the NClB act
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health and safety
involves programs developed to insure an optimal environment for learning (address the issues of substance use/abuse and obesity), protective policies against violence, and emergency preparedness
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