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Europe Faces Revolutions - Coggle Diagram

- - - - However, Russia failed to provide supplies for the country’s troops, and caused them to lose the war.
        
        After this, Nicholas’s son, Alexander II, decided to move Russia toward modernization and social change.
        
        How did Russia’s defeat in the Crimean War push it toward political reform?
        Alexander and his advisers believed that his reforms would allow Russia to compete with western Europe for world power, which they couldn't before.
        
        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia
        
        Change
      - https://www.britannica.com/event/Crimean-War
  - - - Peasant communities received about half the farmland in the country.
      - They had 49 years to pay for the land they had received. So, while the serfs were legally free, the debt still tied them to the land.
      - Political and social reforms ground to a halt when terrorists
        assassinated Alexander II in 1881.
        
        His successor, Alexander III, tightened czarist control over the country. However, they did encourage industrial development to expand Russia’s power.
        
        A major force behind Russia's drive towards expansion was Nationalism.
        
        During the 1800s, such groups were uniting into nations and building industries to survive among other nation-states.
        
        Nationalism
        
        https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/czar-alexander-ii-assassinated
      - Were the peasants better off after the serfs were freed?
        Yes, although they had to pay debts and were still tied to the land, they now owned it and weren't tied to their lords.
      - Human Rights
      - https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldhistory2/chapter/the-1861-emancipation-of-the-serfs/#:~:text=In%201861%20Alexander%20II%20freed,by%20uprisings%20%E2%80%9Cfrom%20below.%E2%80%9D
  - - - Industrialization
    - - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serfdom_in_Russia
    - - Self Interest
- - - - In Europe in 1815, only France, England and Spain could be called nation-states.
        
        What goal did liberals in Germany and Austria have?
        
        They wanted to unit all the different German states into a nation-state. Other liberals wanted to split away the different states.
        
        How Germany Became a Nation-State
        
        Nationalism
      - Current Day Nation-States
    - - Because of the belief that people should be loyal to their empire rather than they're king. This united the three different parties and also confuses them because their views finally align with something
        
        Change
      - Government Systems
- - - - Each attracted a different set of followers. They identify the philosophies, goals, and followers
      - Question: How can people have such different philosophies? Answer: People can have such different philosophies because people believe their ideas are better than others. They believe their ideas would better benefit their country.
  - - - They argues for protecting the traditional monarchies of Europe
  - - - Wanted to give more power to elected parliaments, but only the educated and the landowners would vote
  - - - Believed that governments should practice the ideals of the French Revolution- liberty, equality, and brotherhood
        
        Some radicals believed in anarchism- a belief that governments is harmful and not needed
- - - - Revolutions begin occurring throughout Europe
        
        Countries with revolutions in the 1800s included:
        
        Italy
        
        Portugal
        
        Greece
        
        ㅤ
        
        How were the revolutions in Italy different from the revolutions in Greece Belgium and Poland?
        
        Italy was trying to combine smaller states together into Italy
        
        Greece, Belgium, and Poland, were all trying to break apart from the countries that were controlling them
        
        Spain
        
        Russia
        
        https://omniatlas.com/maps/europe/18300923/
        
        Nationalism
        
        Nationalism
        
        People started becoming more patriotic around the 1800s
        
        Many areas wanted to become independent nations because of their nationalism
        
        Why did leaders of powerful countries oppose revolution even when not directed against them?
        
        They saw it as a challenge to their power. If a different country had a successful revolution, the people in the leader's country may also try to start a revolution
        
        https://www.britannica.com/event/Revolutions-of-1830
- - - - Government System
        
        A Paris mob overturned a monarchy and established a republic.
        
        The new republican government began to fall apart almost immediately.
        
        How were the actions of the radicals contrary to their philosophy?
        
        The radicals split into factions. One side wanted only political reform. The other side also wanted social and economic reform.
        
        That would close up the differences in wealth between the “haves” and “have nots.”
        
        1 more item...
        
        The radicals were largely accepting of violence if it got them what they wanted. The radicals also wanted the creation of republicas opposed to the monarchy, as well the government to guarantee them a wage. However, they opposed the absolute monarchy and wanted some level of equality.
        
        QT Answer