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System Theory and Fundamental Concepts of Information System, Definition,…
System Theory and Fundamental
Concepts of Information System
System Theory
a complex whole the functioning of which depends on its
parts and the interactions between those parts
Characteristics
Engage in feedback in order to meet the goals of the
organization
Systems,subsystems and super system
Goal-directedness systems are goal oriented
Communication
Boundaries - the part of the system that separates it from
its environment
Computer System
Definition
Is a collection of related components that have been designed to work together smoothly.
Categories
Hardware
Refers to the physical components of the computer
Software
Refers to all of programs that give computer its instructions
Software
Systems Software
Consists of programs that manage the hardware resources of a computer and perform required information processing tasks
System Support Software
Provides system utilities and other operating services.
System Development Software
Includes language translators that convert programs into machine
language for execution, debugging tools.
Operating System
The software that controls interaction of the user and the computer
hardware.
Application Software
General-Purpose Software
Purchased from a software developer and can be used for more than one application.
Examples: word processors, database maagement systems
Application-Specific Software
Can be used only for its intended purpose, for the tasks they were designed.
Example: Unimas Attendance System
IS Components
People
The people involved with information systems are
an essential element that must not be overlooked.
Process
A series of steps undertaken to achieve a desired
outcome or goal.
Software
A set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do.
Hardware
The part of an information system you can touch –
the physical components of the technology
Data
A collection of facts
Information System
Why IS is Important?
More Information
Reduced Cost
Better Performance
Stronger Controls
Improved Service
Types of Information System
Management Information Systems
Especially developed to support planning, controlling, and decision-making functions of middle managers
Executive Information Systems
It is a strategic-level information systems that are found at the top of the Pyramid
Transaction Processing Systems
A system that records company transaction, in which a transaction is defined as an exchange between two or more business entities
Decision Support Systems
It provides middle managers with the information that enables them to make intelligent decisions
Office Automation Systems
It executes office transactions and supports official activities at every organizational level
Expert Systems
It is a computer program that uses artificial intelligence technologies to stimulate the judgement and behaviour of a human or an organization that has expert knowledge and experience in a particular field
Definition