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Humanistic psychology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Carl Ransom Rogers
      - American psychologist and among the founders of the humanistic approach (and client-centered approach) in psychology. Rogers is widely considered to be one of the founding fathers of psychotherapy research and was honored for his pioneering research with the Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions by the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1956.
    - - Person-centered therapy
        
        Rogers originally developed his theory to be the foundation for a system of therapy. He initially called this "non-directive therapy" but later replaced the term "non-directive" with the term "client-centered" and then later used the term "person-centered". Even before the publication of Client-Centered Therapy in 1951, Rogers believed that the principles he was describing could be applied in a variety of contexts and not just in the therapy situation. As a result, he started to use the term person-centered approach later in his life to describe his overall theory. Person-centered therapy is the application of the person-centered approach to the therapy situation.
        
        Efectivness
        
        The first empirical evidence of the effectiveness of the client-centered approach was published in 1941 at the Ohio State University by Elias Porter, using the recordings of therapeutic sessions between Carl Rogers and his clients. Porter used Rogers' transcripts to devise a system to measure the degree of directiveness or non-directiveness a counselor employed.
      - Learner-centered teaching
        
        Studies begun in the late 1930s and continuing today
        
        Similar in many regards to this classical person-centered approach to education.
        
        Hypothesis
        
        "A person learns significantly only those things that are perceived as being involved in the maintenance of or enhancement of the structure of self"
        
        "Experience which, if assimilated, would involve a change in the organization of self, tends to be resisted through denial or distortion of symbolism"
        
        If the content or presentation of a course is inconsistent with preconceived information, the student will learn if he or she is open to varying concepts. Being open to consider concepts that vary from one's own is vital to learning. Therefore, gently encouraging open-mindedness is helpful in engaging the student in learning
        
        "A person cannot teach another person directly; a person can only facilitate another's learning"
        
        This is a result of his personality theory, which states that everyone exists in a constantly changing world of experience in which he or she is the center. Each person reacts and responds based on perception and experience. The belief is that what the student does is more important than what the teacher does.
        
        "The structure and organization of self appears to become more rigid under threats and to relax its boundaries when completely free from threat"
        
        If students believe that concepts are being forced upon them, they might become uncomfortable and fearful. A barrier is created by a tone of threat in the classroom. Therefore, an open, friendly environment in which trust is developed is essential in the classroom. Fear of retribution for not agreeing with a concept should be eliminated. A classroom tone of support helps to alleviate fears and encourages students to have the courage to explore concepts and beliefs that vary from those they bring to the classroom. Also, new information might threaten the student's concept of him- or herself; therefore, the less vulnerable the student feels, the more likely he or she will be able to open up to the learning process.
        
        "The educational situation which most effectively promotes significant learning is one in which (a) threat to the self of the learner is reduced to a minimum and (b) differentiated perception of the field is facilitated"
        
        The instructor should be open to learning from the students and also working to connect the students to the subject matter. Frequent interaction with the students will help achieve this goal.
  - - - Abraham Maslow (Brooklyn, New York; April 1, 1908 – Palo Alto, California; June 8, 1970) was an American psychologist known as one of the founders and main exponents of humanistic psychology, a psychological current that posits the existence of a basic human tendency towards mental health, which would manifest itself as a series of processes of the search for self-actualization and self-realization
    - - Maslow believed that in order to achieve this state of personal fulfillment, the person must first satisfy them needs
    - - Maslow’s hypothesis of synergy clarify mechanisms of how social capital affects mental health. Social capital has been defined as norms of reciprocity and trust, civic participation, and formal and informal associations that facilitate collective action for mutual benefit. Social capital is protective for mental health; various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the association between social capital and mental health, for example social support, social networks and social control over health-risk behaviors . However, these mechanisms have not been fully established. When we consider social capital’s affinity with synergy, the essence of social capital’s effect on mental health can be synergy.
    - - Social capital measures the sociability of a human group and those aspects that allow collaboration to flourish and the use, by individual actors, of the opportunities that arise in these social relationships. A sociability understood as the ability to carry out joint work, to collaborate and carry out collective
    - - Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid. From the bottom of the hierarchy upwards, the needs are: physiological (food and clothing), safety (job security), love and belonging needs (friendship), esteem, and self-actualization.
- - - - Places emphasis on the human condition as a whole. It uses a positive approach that applauds human capacities and aspirations while simultaneously acknowledging human limitations.
    - - It has the objective of increasing self-support, by increasing the individual's awareness of the responsibility they have for their own well-being.
    - - Is a mental health approach that emphasizes the importance of being your true self in order to lead the most fulfilling life. It's based on the principle that everyone has their own unique way of looking at the world. This view can impact your choices and actions.
    - - This theory is represented by a pyramid, the lower levels are the most basic needs, like food and shelter, and once fulfilled the individual can search the other levels of the pyramid.
        
        Social needs
        
        Family
        
        Romantic attachments
        
        Friendships
        
        Esteem needs
        
        People need to sense that they are valued and by others and feel that they are making a contribution to the world.
        
        Need for being valued and respect
        
        Security and safety
        
        Financial security
        
        Health and wellness
        
        Safety against accidents and injury
        
        Self-actualization needs
        
        Full use and exploitation of talents, capabilities, potentialities, etc.
        
        Physiological needs
        
        Food,water,shelter