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Structuralism - Coggle Diagram
Structuralism
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Criticism
By today’s scientific standards, the experimental methods used to study the structures of the mind were too subjective. The use of introspection led to a lack of reliability in results.
Structuralism was too concerned with internal behavior, which is not directly observable and cannot be accurately measured.
Origins
While Wilhelm Wundt is often listed as the founder of structuralism, he never actually used the term. Instead, Wundt referred to his ideas as voluntarism. It was his student, Edward B. Titchener, who invented the term structuralism.
While Wundt is often listed as the founder of structuralism, he never actually used the term. Instead, Wundt referred to his ideas as voluntarism. It was his student, Edward B. Titchener, who invented the term structuralism.
Titchener actually changed much of what Wundt taught. Wundt believed that the mind could be broken down into structures by classifying conscious experiences into small parts that could be analyzed, similar to other sciences.
Titchener decided to scrap Wundt's brand of psychological study because conscious experiences aren't as easy to control in an experiment as behavior is. Rather than focusing on obtaining quantitative measurements, Titchener prioritized observation and analysis.
Titchener took Wundt's experimental technique, known as introspection, and used it to focus on the structures of the human mind
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Wikipedia
Functionalism
One alternative theory to structuralism, to which Titchener took offense, was functionalism
Functionalism was developed by William James in contrast to structuralism. It stressed the importance of empirical, rational thought over an experimental, trial-and-error philosophy
Functionalism also differed in that it focused on the how useful certain processes were in the brain to the environment you were in and not the processes and other detail like in structuralism.
Definition
In sociology, anthropology, archaeology, history, philosophy and linguistics, structuralism is a general theory of culture and methodology that implies that elements of human culture must be understood by way of their relationship to a broader system.
Example of Structuralism: An example of structuralism is describing an apple. An apple is crisp, sweet, juicy, round, and hard.
Foucalult
Who is he?
Michel Foucault (1926–1984) was a French historian and philosopher, associated with the structuralist and post-structuralist movements. He has had strong influence not only (or even primarily) in philosophy but also in a wide range of humanistic and social scientific disciplines.