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THE BOURGEOIS REVOLUTIONS AND THE SPANIS WAR OF INDEPENDENCE, image, image…
THE BOURGEOIS REVOLUTIONS AND THE SPANIS WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
The bourgeois revolutions
enabled the bourgeoisie to gain political power and a social status
Revolutions
18th and 19th century
The American revolution
Independence of United States
bourgeoisie's first triumph.
The French revolution
End to absolute monarchy and the estates system of the Ancien Régime
A new period of history started The Modern Age
The American Revolution (1775–1783)
In the American war of independence Great Britain fought against its 13 colonies
THE CAUSES OF THE WAR
Combination of factors
Ideological
Enlightenment ideas became the basis for the independence movement
Political
Great Britain refused to allow the colonies to be represented in Parliament
British Parliament made decisions about taxes and other issues
Economic
a wealthy colonial bourgeoisie wanted the freedom to trade without the interference of Great Britain
The conflict was caused by the high cost of the Seven Years' War
Great Britain fought against France, and Great Britain won
George III increased taxes of some products
colonies refused to pay that taxes
there were some protests such as the 1773 Boston Tea Party, The British government sent troops to Boston and closed the port
THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE AND ITS CONSEQUENCES
In 1775 they created their own army
It was led by George Washington
two stages
1 stage
Great Britain had military successes but the colonists took actions that were politically significant
4 July 1776
The Continental Congress proclaimed the Declaration of Independence
2 stage
Military victory at the Battle of Saratoga led France and Spain to offer them support.
the two sides were more closely matched in military terms
1787
The United States Constitution was adopted
established a federal republic based on the Enlightenment principles
The United States became a symbol
The French Revolution
A period of..
violent political and social changes
It began in 1789
The first European bourgeois revolution
THE CAUSES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
Caused by...
The influence of the Enlightment
They wanted to put Enlightment ideas into practice
The economic crisis
The French Monarchy was in debt
Because of the military and the excesive parties and luxuries
The social crisis
The Third State had to pay high taxes
The political crisis
Louis XVI suggested that the privileged estates should pay taxes, but they refused
Louis XVI governed France as an absolute monarch
THE EVENTS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
Louis XVI called a meeting of the Estates General in 1789 in order to increase taxes
The beginig of the French revolution
The National Assembly
The Third Estate asked for a new voting system
People would vote individually
The king refused
The Third estate declared that it was forming a National Assembly
The king locked the National Assembly out of the Estates General
They wrote the Declaration of the rights of Man and the Citizen
The Constituent Assembly
Finally the King agreed to the demand
New Constituent Assembly formed
To write a constitution
The monarchy was no longer absolute
14 July 1789
People attacked the Bastille
The famous revolt spread from Paris to other cities and countryside
Peasants attacked the homes of the nobility, burned their archives and refused to pay feudal duties
Called The Grande Peur
. In 1790 the assembly passed the Civil Constitution of the Clergy
The clergy would be paid by the state and elected by the people
This led to...
Emigration of many nobles
And discontent of part of the clergy
They became counterrevolutionaries and began a campaign to defeat the revolution
Louis XVI
He tried to scape from France, but he couldn't
This actions increased in populra opposition to the monarchy
In 1791
The assembly approved the constitution
Constitutional monarchy
The powers of the monarch were limited by the constitution
limited male suffrage
only men with a certain amount of property could vote
the separation of powers
The monarch had executive power
The assembly had legislative power
The courts had judicial power.
The Legislative Assembly
Elections for the new Legislative Assembly
2 political groups
Girondins
Represented interests of the wealthy bourgeoisie
Jacobins
Represented the petite bourgeoisie
France was under constant threat of invasion by Austria and Prussia
In 1792 France declaret war
Louis XVI was imprisoned, the monarchy was abolished and France became a republic
The Convention
the most radical phase of the revolution
It was a type of assembly
1793
Louis XVI was executed
Jacobins took control of the goverment
Ditattorship The Terror
Led by Robesplerre
Supported by the Sans-culottes
The Directory and the Consulat
The moderate deputies overthrew the Jacobins
In 1794 and1795
They adopted a new constitution
A new form of government called the Directory
Power of the army increased
A military coup was organized
By General Napoleon Bonaparte
Established a new form of goverment
Consulate
Made of three consuls
1802 was named first consul for life
End of Frnace's political and economic instability
In 1799
