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MUTATION - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Mutagen
        
        definition
        
        A chemical or physical agent that
        causes mutation thus increases the rate of mutation.
        
        types
        
        Physical
        
        Chemical
- - - - Change in number or structure of chromosome.
    - - Alternative number of chromosome
        
        is
        
        Change in the chromosomal number which results in abnormalities in the structure of chromosome.
        
        2 types
        
        Polyploidy
        
        Autopolyploidy
        
        Allopolyploidy
        
        Aneuploidy
        
        Autosomal abnormalities
        
        Monosomy 21
        
        Trisomy 21
        
        Sex chromosomal abnormalities
        
        Klinefelter syndrome
        
        Turner syndrome
      - Chromosomal aberration
        
        is
        
        Change in the chromosomal structure which results in abnormalities in the structure of structure.
        
        4 types
        
        Duplication
        
        definition
        
        A segment of chromosome is repeated.
        
        Inversion
        
        definition
        
        A segment of a chromosome breaks off and rotate 180° before reattached in the same chromosome, rearrange the linear gene sequence.
        
        Paracentric
        
        Pericentric
        
        Deletion
        
        definition
        
        A segment of chromosome is lost.
        
        Translocation
        
        definition
        
        One chromosome translocate a segment to same chromosome or another nonhomologous chromosome.
        
        Nonreciprocal
        
        Interchromosomal translocation
        
        Intrachromosomal translocation
        
        Reciprocal
  - - - A change in a single nucleotide pair of gene lead to change in amino acid sequence.
    - - Base deletion
        
        definition
        
        Lots of 1 or more nucleotide
        pairs in DNA sequence.
      - Base substitution
        
        definition
        
        A pair of nucleotide is replaced
        with another pair of
        nucleotide in DNA sequence.
        
        3 types
        
        Silent mutation
        
        Missense mutation
        
        Nonsense mutation
      - Base insertion
        
        definition
        
        Addition of 1 or more nucleotide
        pairs in DNA sequence.
      - Base inversion
        
        definition
        
        2 or more nucleotides are inverted.