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Membrane Transport & Signal Transduction - Coggle Diagram
Membrane Transport & Signal Transduction
Functions of membrane protein
Membrane transport
Transport of substances across membrane
required to allow movement in and out of cell of
ions
compounds
molecules
Types
for small organic/inorganic molecules
simple diffusion
facilitative diffusion
active pump
bigger loads (involves invagination)
exocytosis
endocytosis
phagocytosis
vesiculates form around particulate matter
example
whole bacterial cells
pinocytosis
vesicle form around fluid containing dispersed molecules
fluid endocytosis
potocytosis
occurs via small invaginations
receptor-mediated
receptor needed to transport materials
example
transport of vit. folate
transport mechanism
passive
energy is not required
types
simple diffusion
transport of
small neutral compound
water
gases
lipid soluble substances
sex hormones
molecules free to move & diffuse
follow the concentration gradient
facilitated diffusion
no ATP is required
types of channel
channel protein
pores formed by transmembrane(integral) protein on plasma membrane
regulated by cell
open and close to control the passage of substances into cell
examples
3 more items...
non-gated channel
open all the time
allow ions & water
needed whenever the balance of water & ions must be regulated
gated channel
open/close in response to stimulus
stimuli
3 more items...
carrier protein
bind to specific molecules
1 more item...
example
1 more item...
types
3 more items...
active transport
primary
energy directly applied to carrier protein
example
ATP hydrolysis by Na+, K+ -ATPase
secondary
energy used to establish an ion gradient
gradient used to transport another compound
example
Na+ gradient is used to transport glucose
active
energy is required
Cell communication
signal transduction
cell-cell recognition
Structural protein
attachment to cytoskeleton & extracellullar matrix
Membrane signal transduction
requires chemical messengers
function of CM
transmit messages between cells
secreted by one cell in response to a stimulus
travel to a target cell
bind to a specific receptor
elicit response
major signaling system
nervous system
neourotransmitters
beuropeptides
endocrine system
hormones
polypeptides
steroid
thyroid
immune system
cytokines
interleukins
tumor necrosis factors
interferons
chemokines
receptors