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Biochemistry - Coggle Diagram
Biochemistry
Chem Review
Water
H bonds
Internal structure
Ediff - 1.4
Lone pair = asymmetry
Bond polarity vs Molecule polarity
Function
H-bonds
Cohesion
Ice one
Adhesion
Hydration shell
Evapotransporation
Specific heat capacity
Meniscus - ad/cohesion
Bonding
Intramolecule
In molecules
Edif
Ionic
Edif > 1.7
Covalent
Polar
0.4 < Edif < 1.7
Nonpolar
Edif ≤ 0.4
Intermolecular
Van der Waal forces
LDF
(Induced, weak)
Dipole
(Typically caused by polar covalent partial charge)
H bond - bio common
Very strong due to ↑Edif between
H + O
Isomers
Same formula, different structure + properties
Geometric
Restricted rotation
DB
Ring
Spatially different
2 different substituent group (may be cis/trans)
Enantiomer
Non-superimposable mirror image
Chiral C - 4 different groups
Structural
Same formula
Different connectivity
Functional Groups
Group of atoms yield special properties
Macromolecules
Large molecule
Hydrolysis
Breaks polymers
Monomers
Subunit that is repeated in a polymer
Dimers
Carbs
Oligomers
Polymers
Large molecule made up of repeated subunits linked by covalent bonds
Dehydration synthesis
Carbs
Functions
Types
Oligosaccharide
Disaccharide
Monomer
Monosaccharide
Polymer
Storage
Amylose
Linear/coil
Hard to digest
α(1-4) glycosidic linkage
20-30%
Amylopectin
70-80%
α(1-4) α(1-6)
Branching
↑digestibility
Starch
Glycogen
Glycogenin
Max branching
Highly branched
Structural
Chitin
Many H bonds
Acetylamine
Cellulose
β(1-4) linakge
H bonds
Lipid
Phospholipids
Phosphate
+
+
Hydrophilic
Glycerol
+
Hydrophobic
Choline
2 fatty acids
Amphipathic
Triglycerides
Glycerol + 3 fatty acids
Saturated
Unsaturated
d.s.
Cell Membrane
Proteins
Integral
Specialized
Span membrane
Tunnel
Globular
May have hydrophobic ac. on outside
Receptors
Peripheral
Lipids
Cholesterol
Homeostasis
Cholesterol moderates membrane fluidity
Proteins
Functions
Structure
1°
2°
3°
4°
Holds multiple polypeptides
Not always present
R group
Irregular shape
All types of bonds
H bonds
Backbone
α helix
Hydrophobic R
β pleated
Hydrophilic R
Determined by genes
d.s - backbone
Peptide
Order of a.a.
Globular
Fibrous
Amino acids
R group
Determines type of 2°
Differentiates amino acids
Holds 3°/4°
