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Appleby_Streff_Aafia_Stalin - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Stalin was a Bolshevik, and was elected to Bolshevik Central Committee. He was not afraid to use violence to gain power. Lenin accused Stalin of being a betrayer of socialism. and Stalin abandoned support of the Proletariat Government.
    - - Being the Commissar of Nationalities, Stalin was in charge of officials int he many regions and republics of the USSR.
    - - Trotsky’s role within the Civil War
        
        Trotsky built up the Red Army through gaining support of peasants, which later became a huge fighting force, and defeated the Whites. Trotsky was also Commissar of Military and Naval Affairs.
    - - The Lenin Enrollment
        
        The Foundations of Leninism
        
        In the eyes of the Communist Party, Lenin had become a god, and when in dispute, all was settled with references to his statements and writings. Soviet Communism became Leninism, which Stalin was the heir to. Recognizing Lenin's power over the nation, Stalin began to do the same thing.
        
        The Lenin Enrollment increased the amount of true proletarians of the communist party, and provided Stalin with a reliable body of voters.
      - Role of Lenin’s testament
        
        Lenin's Testament addressed the future of the Communist congress, which questioned Stalin's use of power. Lenin's Testament, if made public, would have ended Stalin's career; confessing distrust in Stalin's leadership would have decreased Stalin's support throughout Russia. But with this testament kept secret, the public was not knowledgeable of this distrust, and instead viewed Stalin as a loyal successor of Lenin.
    - - Before Stalin came to power, Trotsky and Trotskyists advocated for Permanent Revolution, which is the strategy of a revolutionary class pursuing its own interests independently and without compromise or alliance with opposing sections of society. Stalin introduced the idea of Socialism in One State, which advocated for strengthening the Soviet Union internally.
    - - The War Scare began when multiple western states cut off their relations with the Soviet Union. The fear of war from the West lead to the Soviets having a need for rapid industrialization in order to compete with Western powers. The panic of war breaking out in the Soviet Union threatened communism, and put the country in a fragile state. Stalin knew that Russia needed a strong leader who would do anything to protect communism, so he used this struggle to take advantage of the nation.
  - - - War Communism v. NEP
        
        War Communism was a policy that lasted from 1918 to 1921. The aspects of these policies were collectivization of agriculture, nationalization of industry, and a replacement of the money system with state rationing. The War Communism policy was replaced with the NEP by Lenin to take a step back towards a moderate economy policy. The NEP left state control (heavy industry, transportation), small private businesses could be owned. Led to a more economically stable Soviet Union even though it proved to be highly controversial.
      - Requisitioning and Impact on Peasant Population
        
        Requisitioning was the policy of the food that the peasants grew, was taken away from them. This negatively impacted the peasants because they were barely left with any food, leading to a famine.
      - Scissors Crisis
        
        An incident where when the decline in the cost of food and the increase in the cost of industrial growth created a gap like a scissor.
  - - - Propaganda helped Stalin establish his authoritarian state because he would highlight his image and make himself seem better. He wanted to improve his image in front of the public and made sure to use his face everywhere forcing his communist ways.
    - - Stalin used many different methods of force to hold his ground, and used his power to take control of the actions of the people. Examples of force would be collectivization and his five year plans.
    - - Stalin followed the Marxist-Leninst ideology when he first began to take control of the state, which turned into communism as he started to force his views more and more on the people of the state. "Socialism in one country" was his theory that he followed(not really an ideology) but he believed that they needed to focus on building socialism at home first.
    - - Stalin and the removal of his rivals
        
        Trotsky was main rival of Stalin because Lenin favored him more and he seemed like a better fit to take over Lenin. But, Trotsky loses support after he opposes the NEP. Kamenev was another rival that also attacks the NEP and Stalin's policy of "socialism in one country" and ends up losing support.
- - - - 2nd and 3rd (1932-37)(19337-)- the focus on these plans shifted to heavy industrial growth. Stalin wanted to make sure they would have enough sources to re-arm. Impact- the impact was this was much better compared to the first but the economy was still a work in progress.
      - 1st(1928/29-32)- aimed to push the economy towards industrialization and boost agricultural production to help the economy grow. Impact- helped the economy to an extent but was a fail because of the famine that emerged costing many people their lives .
  - - - Literature- Aimed to maintain his cult of personality by having the work adhere to socialist realism and they had to be in favor of him. The impact was that literature heavily contorted to the ways of the party not allowing artistic freedom.
      - Music- The music turned more conservative after the war only allowing for certain music artists to be liked. Impacted the style of music and changed it from free to more restricted.
      - Visual Arts- Aimed to his cult of personality and prevailed to his image to make him appear everywhere. The impact was that he was everywhere and his image was used to promote everything giving him the most recognition.
    - - religious policies
        
        Religious prosecution (temporary halt, then removal)
        
        Worship of Stalin (Stalin as religious Icon
        
        Peasant resistance (application of Kulak label)
        
        People continued to worship, but in private (underground churches)
        
        War forced to bring back religion to gain support, and spread patriotism
        
        Post war: Church allowed to exist, but only as a propaganda vehicle
        
        Stalin would influence priests to spread communism through religion
      - educational policies
        
        Stalin's educational policies aimed to increase the to increase the education in Russian society to have more educated workers to help his Five Year Plan progress further. The impact of this was that the literacy rate grew, having a greater educated population that would focus on science to work towards his plan.
  - - - Deportation of minorities
        
        Assimilation to Russian - Neo- Russification
        
        Stalin say minorities as the ones to "disobey", but he was trying to get everyone to support/be patriotic in time of war
    - - Initially, laws against women were loosened, with the FYP.
        
        The Great Retreat tightened laws; divorce laws tightened, abortion restricted, homosexuality outlawed, women encouraged to have more children, all enforced to increase amount of workers to increase industrialization
        
        During War, women were encouraged to be good wives, mothers, and workers
- - - - The Great Terror: The Great Terror was Stalin's campaign of political repression.
        
        Purge of the Party
        
        Purge of the Military
        
        Purge of the People
        
        Show Trials
      - Later Purges: ALL soviet war prisoners were either sent to the Gulags or murdered. These purges were very violent
      - Early Purges: The early purges were when members of the party were being kicked out and sent to Gulags. This was a way that Stalin gained control and caused fear in the soviet union.
  - - - Permanent Revolution- The idea that a revolution in Russia would spark revolutions around the world. Wanted communism to be spread through these revolutions, use of harsh methods for the Soviet union.
        Socialism in One Country- The idea that other countries wouldn't start a revolution so instead, socialism should be built and focus on in one country. Wanted to use the same methods as Trotsky to achieve this.
        In the end Stalin's idea was put in place as he became the leader and spread communism in the Soviet Union.
    - - Aims- The aim of this pact was to create a peace treaty between Germany and the Soviet Union, making them allies for a period of time. It also allowed for them to spread their influence and take over land like Poland.
        Results- The result turned out to be the opposite of what Stalin hoped. Stalin's trust in the Nazi made him overlook the reality of what Hitler wanted to do. Hitler sent out German troops to invade the Soviet Union leading to a war. However, the soviets end up winning the war allowing for Stalin to still maintain his power.
    - - World War 2 helped Stalin maintain his authority because of the rise of nationalism in the Soviet Union and him winning the war gave him more recognition as a statesmen. USSR was also able to become a world superpower increasing his sense of authority.