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Richardson_Hernandez_Stalin - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 1. Trotsky's Role within the Civil War. In January 1918, after significant Bolshevik reverses in combat, the future War Commissar Leon Trotsky headed the reorganization of the Red Guards into a Red Army in order to create a more effective fighting force. In June 1918, when it had become apparent that a revolutionary army composed solely of workers would not suffice, Trotsky instituted mandatory conscription of the rural peasantry into the Red Army. Hailed as a war hero afterwards for his skillful strategies.
    - - 2. the Lenin Enrollment. The Lenin Enrollment was an effort from 1923 to 1925 to enroll more members of the proletariat into the Communist party and incite them to become active in party affairs. In total, over 500,000 were recruited. It came in response to growing criticism of the Communist party as elitist by the rank and file. Even though the party claimed to represent the working class, most of its membership, and particularly its leadership, including Lenin himself, came from the educated classes.
        
        a. the Foundations of Leninism. Stalin's book covered the historical roots of Leninism, methods, theory, the dictatorship of the proletariat, the peasant question, the national question, strategy and tactics (two lectures), and style of work. He focused his first lecture on the issue of the historical roots of Leninism as a form of Marxism. According to Stalin, Leninism is a product of imperialism and a guiding ideology of the Bolsheviks.
      - 1. Role of Lenin's Testament. Stalin and Lenin fought over economic policy, and at one point Stalin swore at Lenin's wife for passing on messages between Lenin and other party members. As their relationship deteriorated, Lenin dictated increasingly disparaging notes on Stalin in what would become his testament. Lenin criticized Stalin's rude manners, excessive power, ambition and politics, and suggested that Stalin should be removed from the position of General Secretary. Stalin's triumvirate kept the testament from being revealed to the Twelfth Party Congress. After Lenin's death it was read only to the heads of the provincial delegations.
- - - - early purges Party members would turn in their party card. Civilian police, labor camp guards, and border guards were put under the control of NKVD by Stalin in 1933-1934.
      - the Great Terror Purge of the party, purge of the military, and purge of the people occurred.
      - later purges Purges were continued up until Stalin's death. The Central Committee was targeted in 1947. There was the Doctors Plot of 1953.
  - - - Aims v. Results The pact did not make the Nazis and Soviets allies, but they did agree to not attack one another. Germany went on to break the pact.
- - - - a. 1st, 2nd and 3rd The first five year plan (1928/29-32) called for an increase in industrial output. The aim of the plan was to increase the production of the means of production. The second (1932-37) and third five year plan (1937-) shifted production to heavy industrial goods. The country needed trucks, trains, and tractors.
    - - policies towards the arts
        
        a. literature, music, visual arts Arts and the Media had to show adherence to socialist realism. Written works had to be easily understandable to workers, and contain socialist role models and examples of class enemies. Theater and film were heavily censored. From 1936-1937 10 out of 19 plays had to be withdrawn.
      - social policies
        
        a. religious practices In 1917 there was 50,000 churches in Russia, and in 1940 there was only 500. There was peasant resistance to the discouragement of religion. Stalin became a religious icon. Churches were eventually allowed to exist, but they were used as a propaganda vehicle.
        
        b. educational policies 10 years of schooling became mandatory (5-15 years old). Fees were charged for the last three years of school that were not mandatory (15-18 years old). There was a development of an elite by class rather than ability.