Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

COMPUTER SYSTEM UNIT, STORAGE, SOLID STATE DRIVE (SSD), Hard Drive Disk…

- - - - DDR1
        
        Data Rate (MT/s) - 266 – 400
        
        Voltage (V) - 2.6
        
        Bus Clock (MHz) - 133 – 200
      - DDR2
        
        Data Rate (MT/s) - 533 – 800
        
        Voltage (V) - 1.8
        
        Bus Clock (MHz) - 266 – 400
      - SDRAM
        
        Data Rate (MT/s) - 100 – 166
        
        Voltage (V) - 3.3
        
        Bus Clock (MHz) - 100 – 166
      - DDR3
        
        Data Rate (MT/s) - 1066 – 1600
        
        Bus Clock (MHz) - 533 – 800
        
        Voltage (V) - 1.5
      - DDR4
        
        Data Rate (MT/s) - 2133 – 3200
        
        Voltage (V) - 1.2
        
        Bus Clock (MHz) - 1066 – 1600
    - - Column Address Strobe (CAS) Latency or CL is the amount of time between sending a READ command to the RAM and the time when the data is available. It is measured in absolute time in nano-seconds (ns) as well has clock cycles.
    - - The rate at which a RAM can read or write data to/from the processor and vice versa is termed as the Memory Bandwidth. The memory bandwidth is determined by the memory bus width, the clock speed and transfers per cycle.
    - - The memory channels are the link between the RAM and the CPU. It is the electrical path for data to move back and forth.
        Most modern consumer-grade or high-end motherboards employ two or four rows of memory channel configuration to take advantage of multi-channel memory technology
    - - Modern RAM modules have enclosures containing heat spreaders or passive heat sinks which help keep the memory chips cooler.
        Heat spreaders for RAMs are usually made of Aluminum, to efficiently dissipate heat and maintain high clock speeds
    - - RGB is a fancy addon to the aesthetics of the RAM sticks. If you like the the glowing LEDs then go ahead and select RAMs with inbuilt RGB.
    - - comes with various size such as 4GB, 8GB, 16GB, 32GB
    - - RAM frequency or clock speed is the maximum number of commands it can handle per second, measured in the unit of Megahertz (MHz) or MT/s.
- - - - referring to the graphics chips
        
        only 2 brands, Nvidia & AMD
        
        also referred as graphics chipset/co-processor
        
        have 2 types, integrated GPUs (cannot be replaced) and discrete GPUs (replacable)
    - - many individual computing units in the GPU that do the gaphics computations and calculations.
        
        generally, more cores will deliver more performance
    - - indicates the number of computations the cores does every second, measured in Mhz
        
        higher clock frequency, more heat and heavily depend on thermal conditions, make sure there is
        ample cooling
    - - same as the regular RAM, called VRAM
        
        stores graphics data temporarily to be processed by the GPU
        
        GDDR5, GDDR6
        
        in general higher GDDR version, perform better
    - - measured in GB
        
        the bigger, more space to store graphical information, the better
        
        VRAM cannot be changed like RAM, built in
    - - need to make sure that the graphics card you purchase is compatible with the motherboard
        
        interface examples : PCIe
    - - power required to generate the highest amount of heat that the cooling system can handle
        
        measured in watts
        
        if power rating high, recommended to have PC case with good ventilation for max heat dissipation
    - - Graphics card have become so power-intensive, so require more power
        
        modern graphics card have power connectors that allow them to draw additional power directly
        from the power supply unit.
        
        either six-pin or eight-pin connectors
    - - software that send instruct the graphics card to process graphical information
        
        DirectX, OpenGL, Vulkan
    - - gigaflop/teraflop is unit to measure theoretical performance of a processing unit (GPU or CPU)
        
        floatig point operations per second (how many floating-point operations it can do in a second)
        
        one of the best ways to compare processing unit performance
- - - - Decade ago, all processors came with a single core.
      - Multi-core processors have become more popular as their availability has become increasingly common and software has been designed to utilize multi-core technology.
      - Dual-core to eight-core processors
      - If the software is only able to utilize three of the eight cores, then five cores are going to be unused
    - - A processor’s cache is similar to the memory of a computer.
      - Cache is a small amount of very fast memory that is used for temporary storage
      - Allows a computer to retrieve the files that are in the processor’s cache quickly
      - The larger a processor’s cache, the more files it will be able to store for that quick retrieval
    - - Socket compatibility is a primary concern when it comes to buying a processor.
      - If a motherboard has already been acquired, make sure that the processor installed is compatible with the motherboard’s socket
    - - Many of today’s processors have integrated graphics processing units
      - Designed to perform the calculations related to graphics
      - If the computer will be used for graphics-intensive software and programs, then a CPU with an integrated GPU will likely not perform as needed
    - - The frequency of a CPU, measured in hertz (Hz), is the speed at which it operates
      - In the past, faster frequency equaled better performance
      - It is important to look at a CPU’s “instructions per clock” in addition to the frequency of the CPU
      - frequency is still a good indication of how quickly a processor can perform, it is no longer the only factor that impacts the actual speed of a processor.
    - - Processors generate heat
      - Thermal design power specification assigned to a CPU explains how much heat the processor is going to give off
      - Will directly affect the type of cooling device needed for a CPU
      - Overheating is a primary danger to a computer’s componentry
  - - - Tells a computer how to carry out program instructions
    - - Carry our arithmetic and logical operations