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Firmware 101, IoT wireless communication, Mobile application 101,…
Firmware 101
Flash contents
Bootloader
Responsible for initialize RAM, serial ports, detect machine type, setup kernel tagged list, load initramfs - initial RAM filesytem, and call kernel image
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Resides on EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-only Memory) or flash storage (more common)
Common bootloader for ARM and MIPS are: Redboot, u-boot, and barebox
Once the bootloader starts up the kernel, the filesystem is loaded
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Root Filesystem
Some common filesystem are: SquashFS, cramFS, JFFS2, YAFFS2, and ext2
Utilities like unsquashfs and modified unsquashfs are used to extract data from squashed filesystems
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