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CELL STRUCTURE, Structure : The proteasome is a highly sophisticated…
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Structure : The proteasome is a highly sophisticated protease complex
Function : The proteasome is a multisubunit enzyme complex that plays a central role in the regulation of proteins that control cell-cycle progression and apoptosis, and has therefore become an important target for anticancer therapy.
- cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer that is semipermeable
- regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.
- actin monomer consists of two major domains each of which contains two subdomains.
- important contributor to the contractile property of muscle and other cells
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Function: The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose function it is to make those proteins.
Structure : largely made of sheets – a two-dimensional array of flattened sacs that extend across the cytoplasm
structures-made up of collagen fibers, proteoglycans and multi adhesive matrix proteins that are secreted by cells.
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- Centrioles are paired barrel-shaped organelles
- play a role in organizing microtubules that serve as the cell's skeletal system.
- comprises two microtubule rings known as centrioles
- to organize the microtubules and provide a structure to the cell.
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Structure : Ribosomes are made of proteins and ribonucleic acid (abbreviated as RNA), in almost equal amounts. It comprises of two sections, known as subunits. The tinier subunit is the place the mRNA binds and it decodes, whereas the bigger subunit is the place the amino acids are included.
Function : It assembles amino acid to form proteins that are essential to carry out cellular functions.
function-bear tension, thus maintaining the shape of the cell, and anchor the nucleus and other organelles in place.
- are short, hair-like structures
- used to move entire cells (such as paramecia) or substances along the outer surface of the cell
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Structure: Microfilaments are extremely fine strands (5 to 9 nm in diameter) of the protein actin and the smallest filaments of the cytoskeleton.
Functions: Cell movements, cell division, and muscle contraction
function-help form the tissues of the hair, nails, and the outer layer of the skin.
- the gel-like fluid inside the cell
- the medium for chemical reaction
function- involved in degrading and recycling cellular waste, cellular signalling and energy metabolism
structure-are spherical, membrane bound organelles that are generated by the golgi apparatus
Function : Secretory vesicles play an important role in moving molecules outside of the cell, through a process called exocytosis
Structure : It is enclosed by an outer membrane known as the bilayers of lipids. This layer is made up of clusters of hydrophilic heads and hydrophilic tails. Vesicles are the small membrane-enclosed sacs that are involved in the storage and transport of substances from one cell to another.
- a cell is made up of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments
- give the cell its shape, help organize the cell's parts, provide a basis for movement and cell division.
function-carry out essential functions that are necessary for the survival of cells – harvesting energy, making new proteins, getting rid of waste and so on.
Structure : The thick filament, myosin, has a double-headed structure, with the heads positioned at opposite ends of the molecule
Function : Thick filaments occupy the center of sarcomeres where they partially overlap with thin filaments. The sliding of thick filaments past thin filaments is a highly regulated process that occurs in an ATP-dependent manner driving muscle contraction.
structure-a specialized entity present inside a particular type of cell that performs a specific function
- It is the water-based solution in which organelles, proteins, and other cell structures float
- allow the functions of life to take place.
structure-fiber-reinforced composites consisting of crystalline intermediate filaments embedded in an amorphous protein matrix
Function : Tubulin is the protein that polymerizes into long chains or filaments that form microtubules, hollow fibers which serve as a skeletal system for living cells.
Myosins have six subunits, two heavy chains and four light chains. Myosin proteins have domains frequently described as a head and a tail. The head portion of myosin is the part that binds to actin.
Functions: Uses energy from ATP hydrolysis to move along the actin filaments.
Structure : Vaults are evolutionary highly conserved ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles with a hollow barrel-like structure
Function :
Non-membranous organelles are not surrounded by a membrane such as Ribosomes and Centrosome ,
A membrane-bound structure that contains a cell's hereditary information and controls its growth and reproduction.
Function- a processing center for exportation of proteins, lipid and other molecules to their final destination outside of the cell
Small vesicles, single membrane-bound organelles found in the eukaryotic cells. They contain digestive enzymes for breaking down toxic materials in the cell and oxidative enzymes for metabolic activity.
Tiny, hollow, bead-like tubular structures that help cells maintain their shape.
Membrane-bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of almost all eukaryotic cells to generate large quantities of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
The centrosome is composed of two centrioles and the surrounding pericentriolar material (PCM), which is responsible for microtubule nucleation, as well as for stabilization and attachment of microtubule minus ends.