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Eugenics movement
Eugenics was the notion of scientist Francis Galton, who proposed that bad qualities could be bred out of the human species by deterring inferior people from reproducing. It paved the way for forced sterilization laws in the United States, as well as Nazi "racial hygiene" programs and the Holocaust.
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Impacts: Modern eugenics, also known as human genetic engineering, involves changing or removing genes in order to avoid disease, cure disease, or significantly improve your body. Because many catastrophic or life-threatening disorders could be healed, the potential health advantages of human gene therapy are enormous.
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Social Darwinism
Spencer developed a synthetic philosophy in which he aimed to discover a set of laws that could explain everything in the cosmos, including social conduct. Spencer's beliefs are often referred to as "social Darwinism" because of this.
Impacts: It has been linked to evolutionary theory, although it is now universally recognized as unfounded. Others then enlarged Socioeconomic Darwinism to include principles like "survival of the fittest" in commerce and human society as a whole, leading to assertions that social injustice, misogyny, racism, and imperialism were justifiable.
Social Darwinism, the principles of evolution, including natural selection, apply to human societies, social classes, and individuals as well as biological species evolving over geological time.
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Selfish Gene
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Impact: The Selfish Gene's central premise is that the natural selection process in the evolution of living organisms is not about ensuring the survival of the species, community, or group. It's all about securing the person, and the individual is nothing more than a vehicle for their genes.
Selfishness vs. Altruism; in his thesis, Dawkins argued that for the survival of an individual, one must accept his genes or nature and become as selfish as one would need to survive, however, in order for a species to survive, the group would have to fight against their nature and among them elect a group of individuals willing to sacrifice themselves for the good of the "rest".
Dawkins came up with a philosophy regarding a gene centered view on evolution as a model for social evolution in which the two main characteristics of society would be selfishness and altruism
Concept of Superman
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The concept of übermensch, or superman as we call in english referred to what the german philosopher considered to be the "ideal" human being, example of what humanity could become.
Values; unlike some of the values of what a ideal person should embody proposed by the church, Nietzche believed that the "Superman" was to be someone who did not have specific religion, who could be independent, give an emphasis to culture and cultural development as well as being someone who went against the general traits and carved his own ideals.
Impacts; with his newest "discovery" Nietzsche strongly believed that this version of man, much like superman was supposed to reform all ideals and concepts previously regarded. He would be able to create and destroy worlds, whilst being the perfect example of creativity, ingenuity, potential and freedom.
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Theory of evolution
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Published in the Book "Origin of Species", 1859
His theory in short terms determined that "biological populations evolve through genetic changes corresponding to changes in the organism's traits.
Survival of the fittest; the process through only the most adapted species will be able to survive and continue in existence, whilst other species will either be killed or will become extinct due to significant reproduction.
Impacts; Darwin being a naturalist as well as a scientist broke many dogmas imposed by the church regarding humanity's existence and caused bug repercussions surrounding faith and beliefs
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Connection: Social Darwinism is a loose collection of ideologies that originated in the late 1800s and used Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection to explain particular social events and distinctions between members of society
Connection: The concept of Superman, elaborated by Nietzsche determined the specific characteristics of what he believed to be the evolved or ideal human being. The way this connected to eugenics however, came to be the interpretation of other people, particularly authoritarian leaders who assumed these characteristics as a way to vilify other races and ethnicities in the search for human perfection.z
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