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4 Surah Al Nisa - Coggle Diagram

- - - - near relatives
      - orphans
      - needy
      - neighbors
        
        الۡجَـارِ ذِى الۡقُرۡبٰى
        
        literally: neighbor who is near
        
        means: neighbor who is also a relative -> more rights
        
        الۡجَـارِ الۡجُـنُبِ
        
        literally: neighbor who is farther away on the side
        
        means: neighbor who is not a relative
      - companion by the side
        
        ordered to keep courteous behavior even with a temporary neighbor or companion as co-passenger in a bus, train plane etc. a person sitting on one’s side in a gathering, or standing by him in a row / waiting area etc.
      - traveler
      - slaves
        
        by extension house and community helpers and staff
        
        courteous behavior and esteem for their humanity
      - parents
  - - - towards people
        
        Returning what was given for safekeeping to its owner in original condition
        
        Choosing a capable and deserving person for the position of leadership
        
        Giving sincere advice when asked for it
        
        returning what a person borrowed from another
        
        secrets of people
      - towards Allah ﷻ
        
        choose to obey Him in all that He has entrusted us with
        
        life
        
        suicide is forbidden
        
        wealth
        
        acquire lawfully
        
        spend in lawful ways
        
        body
        
        engage in worship
        
        children and other dependants
        
        natural resources of earth
        
        use responsibly
  - - - v64. seek forgiveness
      - v80. who obeys the messengerﷺ has surely obeyed Allah
    - - v83. Scholars who derive conclusions
    - - refer to Allah and the Messenger ﷺ
        
        by consulting a scholar with sound knowledge of the Qur'an and Sunnah who would advise with wisdom
  - - - encourage fair action
      - reconciliation
      - encouraging charity
- - - - v3: more than one wives permissible to men as long as they can maintain justice on tangible aspects between wives
    - - v15: wives who commit immorality
        
        present 4 witnesses against her
        
        testify to actually having seen the act taking place
        
        trustworthy muslim
        
        male
        
        adult
        
        sane
        
        conditions of witnessing extremely detailed and specific to establish hudd
      - v34. dealing with rebellious ill-conduct of wife
        
        advise them first
        
        then isolate in beds
        
        if they persist, strike them
        
        as a final warning
        
        not permissible to strike the face
        
        not permissible to hit in a way that leaves a mark
        
        last resort before considering divorce
        
        This is to be done only if they persist in rebellion
        
        stop when they understand and mend ways
        
        Allah is The Most High and Most great, not the male ego
      - v35. on the verge of separation
        
        appoint arbitrators
        
        one from woman's family
        
        one from man's family
        
        If they both desire to mend relationship, Allah will cause reconciliation between them
      - v128. if wife fears ill conduct or desertion
        
        she can forego some of her rights in exchange for continuing to be in nikah
        
        marriage was safety for women in Arabia 1400 years ago
      - v130. If they separate, Allah will bless both abundantly
    - - mothers (includes grandmothers)
      - daughters (includes granddaughters)
      - sisters
      - paternal aunts
      - maternal aunts
      - nieces
        
        brother's daughters
        
        sister's daughters
      - if nikah is consummated
        
        stepdaughters
        
        mother in law
      - If suckling is established
        
        foster mothers
        
        sisters from nursing
        
        when baby drinks milk in infanthood before the weaning-off period in sharia'
      - daughter in law
        
        if wife of biological son
      - two sisters at the same time
        
        includes combining an aunt and niece in nikah
      - Muhsanaat
        
        women already married
    - - v4: wife can reduce or forego some or all of her mahr if she willingly wishes to
      - salihaat
        
        pious
      - qanitaat
        
        devotedly obedient
      - hafizaat
        
        guarding in the husband's absence
        
        his wealth
        
        his household possessions
        
        his honor
        
        his children
        
        her chastity
    - - v19. live together in kindness - emotional care
      - v34. provide financially and protect physically
      - v4: give the wives their mahr (dower)
  - - - v2: guardians should not consume the orphan's wealth with their own
        
        v10: its like filling fire into the belly
      - v2: give the orphans their wealth
        
        v6: handover of wealth should be after orphan is mature and responsible
        
        v6: should not be spent extravagantly and hastily before the orphans grow up and hand over is due on their wealth
        
        v6: the guardian who is poor can take a reasonable "fee" for his service before releasing the orphan's wealth to him/her
        
        v6: handover should be in presence of witnesses
      - v5: provide food
      - v5: clothe them
      - v5: speak kindly
      - v2: not keep the good things of orphans in exchange for their bad ones
    - - some forms of injustice to orphan girls common in customs of days of ignorance
        
        marry them and not give mahr (bridal dowry)
        
        give them in marriage to someone and keep their mahr
        
        marry them so their wealth remains with them
  - - - Differences to suit roles
        
        men are required to go out regularly
        
        to earn because they are financially responsible and sinful for neglecting this obligation
        
        for Jihad in the way of Allah
        
        Friday congregational prayer etc.
        
        it is better suited to women's physiology and psychology to be sheltered at home because their unique job of carrying, delivering, suckling, raising the future generations is a very time taking and physically taxing responsibility
        
        for this noble responsibility, a mother is three times more entitled to her child's excellent conduct than the father, paradise lies at the feet of the mother
      - man's share is double of what a woman gets in inheritance
        
        a man is obliged by sharia to spend on his dependents
        
        what a woman gets is fully hers to keep and spend as she pleases
      - v 34. men are protectors and maintainers of women
        
        Allah has favored men in physical strength
        
        more suited to protect and go out to earn a living to support his dependents
        
        Allah has made women primarily driven by emotion
        
        more suited for the sacrifices and patience motherhood demands
        
        without a hierarchical leadership structure there is chaos
        
        leaders are to make final decision after mashwara (seeking counsel) and getting everyone on board
      - a Man's testimony equals that of two women
        
        two women going together to give testimony are each other's moral support
        
        so women do not get harassed and pressurized in male-dominated courtroom settings
        
        it is proven that women's memory gets impacted during pregnancy - two women can remind each other if one forgets as mentioned in Al Baqarah - "so if one of the women forgets the other may remind her." 2:228
        
        this is specific only to the testimony in court - hadith narrated by women narrators are considered as valid as men narrators, the gender of the narrator is not a criteria for establishing the strength and authenticity of a blessed Hadith.
    - - parables of the date stone in the Qur'an
        
        Naqeera
        
        speck on a date seed
        
        V53 -Have they any share in the dominion (of Allah)? Had that been so, they would never have granted people even as much as the speck on a date-stone.
        
        Fateela
        
        v49
        
        thread / hair on a date seed
      - V124 But those who do good—whether male or female—and have faith will enter Paradise and will never be wronged ˹even as much as˺ the speck on a date stone.
  - - - this is submission to Allah
        
        He ordered me to spend
        
        Allah is my Lord
      - I have to stand before Him one day
      - it was provided by Allah in the first place
      - He will multiply all good with a great reward
    - - shaitan is the companion
- - - - such as using toilet
      - attained by wudu (ablution)
    - - attained by ghusl (ritual bath)
      - such as janabah after intercourse
    - - when water is unavailable, especially during travel
      - when sick and fearing water will aggravate the illness
      - dry ablution
      - using clean soil or anything that is considered equivalent to it
      - wiping over face and arms
  - - - free a believing slave
      - blood-money
        
        victim's family can forego charitably
    - - believing slave must be freed
    - - fast two consecutive months
- - - - v155 seal on their hearts
      - v160. good things forbidden to them
- - - - Many widows and orphans in Madina following the battle of Uhud
        
        instructions about the division of inheritance of the martyrs
        
        upholding rights of the weak ones in society - widows, orphans
      - salah during times of war
      - purification during travel
      - injunctions about marriage
        
        a sound family structure is the foundation of a healthy society
- - - - v11: Distribution of inheritance is an obligation
        
        v13: these are limits of Allah
        
        Distribution is as per Allah's Wisdom
        
        v11: Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise
        
        v11. Distribute as per Allah's rules to your parents and children, as you do not fully know who is more beneficial to you
        
        by looking after you during your life
        
        by supplicating for you or doing good deeds on your behalf after your death
        
        unlike a conventional will where people decide
        
        carried out after settlement of
        
        v12: debts on the deceased
        
        v12: will made by the deceased
        
        will can be at max up to 1/3 of inheritance
        
        burial expenses
      - v11-12: Primary heirs: people who have a stipulated share of inheritance revealed in the Quran
        
        v12. Spouse's share
        
        if deceased had children
        
        husband gets 1/4th portion
        
        wife gets 1/8th portion
        
        if deceased had no children
        
        husband gets 1/2 portion
        
        wife gets 1/4th portion
        
        v11. Children's share
        
        male child gets inheritance equal to the share of two females
        
        if only daughters are inheritors
        
        only one daughter
        
        1/2 of the total inheritance
        
        if two or more daughters
        
        each daughter gets equal share from 2/3 of the total inheritance
        
        v11. Parent's share
        
        if deceased had children
        
        both father and mother get 1/6th
        
        if deceased had no children
        
        if deceased had no siblings
        
        mother gets 1/3rd
        
        if deceased had siblings
        
        mother gets 1/6th
        
        v12. v176. Kalala
        
        deceased who has no children or parents to inherit from him or her
        
        v 176 regarding full sibling or half sibling from father
        
        if only one sibling
        
        sister of deceased will get half
        
        brother will get full
        
        if more than two siblings mix of brothers and sisters
        
        full amount is distributed such that the male will get a share equal to that of two females.
        
        if two or more sisters
        
        2/3rd of inheritance divided equally
        
        v 12 regarding half sibling from mother
        
        brother and sister receive same share
        
        if two or more than two siblings
        
        1/3rd of the total inheritance divided equally among all siblings
        
        if only one sibling
        
        1/6th of total inheritance
        
        side note: Asabat are secondary or residual heirs
        
        Asabat inherit the remaining wealth after the inheritance shares as per the Quranic Commandments are distributed to the primary heirs.