Muscular System
Major Functions
3 Types of Muscles and their functions
Names of Muscles
Sarcomere
Sliding Filament Theory
Action potential
Neuromuscular Junction
Muscle Coverings
Upper Body
Lower Body
Facial
Frontalis
Zygomaticus
Buccinator
Orbicularis Oculi
Orbicularis Oris
Masseter
Sternocleidomastoid
Platysma
Trapezius
Tricep brachii
Deltoid
Bicep Brachii
brachioradialis
External oblique
latissimus dorsi
Tibialis anterior
soleus
gluteus maximus
gastrocnemius
semimebranosus
semitendinosis
bicep femoris
sartorius
gracilis
First the impulse arrives from the brain then acetylcholine is released along with calcium to attach to the troponin and move the tropomyosin out of the way to create binding sites. Then myosin heads can bind with the actin filaments to form a cross bridge. The myosin head cocks back and then moves forward using ATP. This pulls the filaments together and that is the contraction of the muscle.
Step 4: The acetylcholine moves into the synaptic cleft and binds to the receptors in the channels
Step 5: the ligand-gated caution channels begin to open
Step 3: Calcium entering causes the synaptic vesicles to release the acetylcholine that it's storing.
Step 6: Sodium ions enter the muscle fiber same time while potassium ions are released from the muscle fiber this causes the muscle membrane to become less negative
Step 2: Calcium channels open within the axon terminal, this allows the sarcoplasmic reticulum to go into the axon terminal
Step 7: Once the muscle membrane reaches a certain threshold value action potential spreads across the sarcolemma
Step 1: Impulse travels down motor neuron to the axon terminal (end)
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
Striated
Found connected to bones through tendons
Voluntary
Found in organ walls
Involuntary
Nonstriated
Involuntary
Only found in the heart
Striated
Only muscle type that contains intercalated discs
Fascia is a dense connective tissue that separates each muscle from each other
aponeuroses is sometimes used in the body to connect muscles, it is a broad sheet of CT
Epimysium is a layer of CT that is found around each skeletal muscle
Perimysium surrounds each bundle of skeletal muscle fibers called fascicles
Each skeletal muscle fiber is covered by endomysium
A sarcomere extends from one z line to another
I bands are made up of actin filaments and are anchored to the z lines
A bands are made of overlapping filaments (thick and thin)
In the center of the a band is the h zone which is made up of just myosin filaments
The M line is in the middle of the h zone and it consists of proteins that hold the myosin filaments together
action potential is when a neuron sends information down an axon(away from the cell body) and it is basically a spike of electrical activity that is created in our body
Skeletal muscles contract in order to move our body parts around, the muscles can only contract and pull. So the body has muscles that move in both directions like the bicep and tricep for example
Cardiac muscle is used to pump blood throughout out body at all times, this is why it is involuntary, it needs to be working 24/7/365
Smooth muscle maintains arteries diameter or closes it to restrict blood flow, it is pretty much used as the body's valves they are just like other muscles and can only contract and relax.