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The skull and special senses - Coggle Diagram
The skull and special senses
the skull
anthropoids vs prosimians
diff positions of the foreamen magnum
diff frontal prbits (eyes)
diff size of nasal regions
brain case
U shaped skull (anthropoids) vs V shaped skull (prosimians)
base of anthropoids is flatter than the base of the prosimians
vision
most important sense
acuity of vision x 10 finer than a cat but
sensitivity much less
stereoscopic vision
chiasma
nerve crossing in the eyes in primates
influences dept perception
provies info about
position
form
texture
shade or colour
colour vision
fovea
densely packed area in centre of retina with densely packed cones (photoreceptor that distinguish colours)
uses
used for active expression and visual signaling
help to location fruits, flowers ect.
prosimians
dichromatic (two colours)
tho some females are trichromatic
new world monkeys
mixed
mixed males are dichromatic whereas females are either trichromatic or dichromatic
due to short length pigment gene
both female (XY) males (XX) longer wavelengths are in sex chromosomes (Y)
only NWM that is trichromatic is howler monkeys
apes
trichromatic
nocturnal
adaptation
rods more than cones in retina
high sensitivity low resolution
limited colour vision
No fovea (just shade and contrast used)
Reflective tapetum lucidum with
riboflavin crystals
Postorbital bar
Ring or cup formed by zygomatic and frontal bones around the eyes
Function
Protect the eye
Prevent the chewing musculature from interfering with vision
nose and olfaction
info about
position
quality
quantity
age (indirct)
olfaction
two areas
main receptors in nasal cavity (perceived volatile
odorants)
Vomeronasal organ nonvolatile odorants
pheromones (substances which induce a specific reaction
glandular glandular tissues producing chemical 'cocktails'
associated with marking behaviour
nocturnal olfaction
sensitive to a greater number of chem
Numerous/elaborate turbinal bones
large surface area of sensory tissue
large olfactory bulbs (brain)
naked moist rhinarium (skin on nose)
Hearing
info about
position
distance
quality
Separation of ears allows location of
objects
e.g. hunting insects
Ears may be more or less mobile and
shaped in different ways to collect sound
outer ear
2 functions
focus on direction where sound orign
heat regulating surface
nocturnal adaptations
rel large and mobile
largest ears in species that hunt by hearing and most vulnerable
Rel large auditory area of the brain
