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primate anatomy intro (week 1) revision - Coggle Diagram
primate anatomy intro (week 1) revision
primate diversity
612 species
continuously changing (new species found/ discovered)
what primate means
1st in Latin
because Carl Linnaeus 1st to order ect.
concept of species
Bio
interbreeding pop capable producing fertile offspring between indivs of the pop but not with any other species
mate recognition
group of indivs sharing common fertilisation system
problems
fossils
hybrids
Phylogenetic
irreducible group whose members are descended from a common ancestor
all possess a combination of certain defining, or derived, traits
Homology vs homoplasy
homoplasy
trait due to convergence
e.g. frog and apes have no tail- not due to CA
Homology
when a trait is inherited from a CA
common ancestor
with the core characteristic- a modern species has evolved from CA with diff characteristics
synapomorphic traits
(due to a recent ancestor)
symplesiomorphic traits
due to an early ancestor
how new species evolve
small group become isolated
adapts to a specific habitat
predation can influence
mutation
genetic drift
nat selection
diff rates of evo
phyletic gradualism
mist speciation is slow, uniform and gradual
once a species appears in the fossil record, the population will become stable
showing little evolutionary change for most of its geological history
adaptive radiation
Primates are e.g.
they form a group of species with characteristics in common + range of differences
definition of primates
grasping hands and feet
lots of variation
e.g. gibbons have shorter thumbs than other primates (aerial locomotion- hands like hooks- thumbs get in way)
nails instead of claws
palmar surfaces of hands and feet are covered with friction pads
increases sensitivity in hands
vision
depth perception
3D
Increase in size of visual areas in brain
Postorbital bar
reduced emphasis on smell
teeth
some reduction in teeth size
e.g. incisors
locomotion
Hindlimb dominated
trends
Distribution
virtually all tropical or subtropical
many arboreal
likely CA was also arboreal
flexibility
characterised by adaptability and lack of specialisation (generally)
Restricted reproductive
turnover
long life stages
rel few offspring
diet
insects
meat
leaves
gum
fruits
Strepsirhines and Haplorhines
Haplorhines
monkeys, tarsiers, apes and
humans
mostly diurnal
dry, simple nose
Fovea
specialised area of retina in which light-sensitive cells are packed extremely close together, allowing good visual acuity (sharpness of vision)
Good colour vision – visual area large
Larger brains overall
Strepsirhines
lemurs, bushbabies and lorises
Mostly nocturnal
Rhinarium
moist nose, cleft in the upper lip
brain
olfactory area large
smaller than Haplorhines
Tapetum lucidum
extra layer of cells in retina that reflects light
enhances vision at night by recycling incoming light
eye shine
some have toothcomb