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Grammar - Coggle Diagram
Grammar
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PPP / TBL
PPP: The Presentation, Practice and production approach consist of presenting a grammatical structure to learners, asking them to practice it in controlled activities which focus on accurate reproduction, and then to set up freer activities in which students produce the target form.
TBL: Task-based learning is an approach to language learning where learners are given interactive tasks to complete. In order to do this, they need to communicate. Once the task is complete, then the teacher discusses the language used.
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Hinkel and Fotos (2002) offers an interesting survey of how the teaching of grammar has evolved in time. Her objective is to offer teachers the possibility to choose among the varied approaches to teaching grammar that has existed and to apply them (alone or mixed) in the appropriate context. The approaches she explains are:
Aproaches
- Traditional Grammar Instruction
- Structural Grammar and the Audio-Lingual and Direct Approaches
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- Universal Grammar and the role of Syntax
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- Communicative Language Teaching and Communicative Approaches
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- Noticing and Consciousness Raising
- Interaction for Grammar Learning
- Discourse-Based Approaches to Grammar Instruction
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According to Little (1994: 99) ‘Pedagogical Grammar is a slippery concept. The term is commonly used to denote (1) pedagogical process – the explicit treatment of elements of the target language system as (part of) language teaching methodology; (2) pedagogical content – reference resources of one kind or another that present information about the target language system; and (3) combinations of process and content.’
According to Thornbury (1999), grammar is seen as the study of syntax and morphology of sentences. In other words, it is the study of linguistic chains and slots where words can fit. ‘Chains’ is how words go together in certain order and how they link to make sense. ‘Slots’ refers to the different ‘places’ where words can be put in a chain.