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Focusing on language - Coggle Diagram
Focusing on language
Using the learners' first language
Students using their own language
Making use of it
Mediation
English whispers
Diplomatic affairs
Diplomatic incidents
Translation roleplays
Using English in class
Building up motivation
English-using atmosphere
Listening materials
English posters
English-only sections
Setting rules of language use
discuss the importance of using English
Positive attitude towards using English
Spending time avoiding correction
Pair and group activities
Cuisenaire rods
Making language visual, tangible
Represening elements of the language
Lexis
Meaning
Structure
Points of reference
Making language "come alive"
Helps focus
Dictionaries
Monolingual
Bilingual
Timelines
Testing
What to test?
Progress test
Efficiency test
What makes a good test?
Fair and appropriate to everyone
Easy to mark
Provides clear results to its goal
Tasks in the test
Discrete item tasks
Gap fill
Sentence transformation
Sentence construction & reconstruction
Two-option answers
Matching
Integrative tasks
Marking
Objectively
Subjectively
Errors and correction
Types of errors
Pronunciation error
Grammar error
Lexis error
Intonation
Rhythm
Correction
When to correct?
Task focusing on accuracy
Focused immediate correction
Later
Not at all
Task focusing on fluency
Later
Brief correction (scaffolding)
Not at all
Who corrects?
Self-correction
Student-student
Teacher-student
Small group
All class
Coursebook/reference material
Correction techniques
Example: fingers
Decisions to make when working with errors
What kind of error?
Is it useful to correct it?
When to deal with it
Who corrects?
How to indicate it?