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c1&c2 revision - Coggle Diagram
c1&c2 revision
key words
c1
state of matter
States of matter
The physical forms of matter, which include solid, liquid, and gas
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Particle Theory
A theory used to explain the different properties and observations of solids, liquids and gases.
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revision note
c1
solid
the substance is defined as a solid when its particles have a fixed arrangement that is held in place by chemical bonds. These bonds may be quite weak or very strong. The particles making up the substance vibrate around a certain position but they do not move to other positions within the substance. Solids have a fixed volume and shape.
liquid
The majority of particles found in a substance that is liquid are chemically bound to other particles within the liquid. However, these bonds are much weaker than the bonds within a solid. As such, the particles in a liquid can change position
Within the liquid, particles will flow at different rates – some will be moving quite slowly, others very rapidly. Liquids have a fixed volume but they do not have a fixed arrangement
gas
There are no intermolecular bonds between the particles in a gaseous substance. The particles move randomly in all directions, meaning that gas does not have a defined shape
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Applying thermal energy to a solid substance will result in it eventually becoming a liquid. This process is known as melting
During evaporation, only the liquid particles at the surface of the liquid change state and become a gas.
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In chemistry, diffusion is defined as particles moving from a high concentration to a lower concentration, spreading out in a gas or a liquid.
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temperature, molecular mass and concentration gradient can make diffusion occur faster
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