Henry’s wife, Catherine of Aragon, had given him a daughter, Mary, but no son. Catherine had had several miscarriages and it was clear that the chances of her giving birth to a healthy son were small. Henry believed that to make sure the Tudor dynasty survived he had to have a son. But to have a son he needed a wife. And to get a new wife he needed a divorce. Only the Pope, the head of the Church, could give him a divorce, and the pope said no!