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Patterns of Conformity in American Literacy Instruction, Religion
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Religion
Starting in the colonial era, Americans have a long history of attempting to convert various groups to Christianity, the Native Americans being their first conquests (CP #1).
Religion and morality, being the primary objectives of early American reading instruction, have persisted as underlying themes even in contemporary texts (CP #2). Evidence of utilizing literature for conversion purposes can be found throughout our storied history.
Gender
Despite modern social roles in which women make up a majority of the teaching profession, literacy instruction began as a male-dominated field. In fact, female students were initially excluded from learning to write and were likely only taught to read because it was needed for religious purposes (CP #3). Lingering impacts of these early inequities are illustrated by various historical events and social indicators, and can still be observed today.
Publishing
Since the beginning of the American publishing industry, pressures to conform have impacted the format, content, and distribution of print media. From majority white and/or male publishing houses impeding publications by female and minority authors (CP #1 and #3), to the syndication of magazines and newspapers (CP #11), the push for an "American Sameness" has left its watermark on American literacy education.
Race
Prejudices against minority groups are an unfortunate, but persistent, pattern throughout American history, and the field of literacy instruction is no exception. Withholding information and denying the acquisition of literacy skills are tactics that have been used repeatedly to control minorities (CP #13). Even after obtaining the right to learn, the American education systems and publishing houses continued to find ways to perpetuate minority oppression (CP #8).
Breaking the Status Quo
Although conformity has maintained its grip on American literacy instruction, individuals throughout history have resisted and rebelled against adherence to the status quo. Many have taken a stand in the form of publishing nonconformist literature (CP #10), while others have protested oppressive regulations (CP #6). Some have become trailblazers in their fields, creating innovative approaches to education (CP #16 and #17). Forward thinkers like these may be the key to breaking out of the cycle of conformity in which we find ourselves.
Instructional Materials
Paralleling the rise of industrialism in America, the concept of applying business theories and strategies to educational practices would forever alter the landscape of literacy instruction (CP #5). In an effort to make learning a predictable process so as to maximize the "profits" of efficient school systems, political changes to education policy slowly ate away at teacher creativity and autonomy in the classroom.
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