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Muscular System Joseph Gonzales P.5 - Coggle Diagram
Muscular System Joseph Gonzales P.5
Muscle (Frontal View; Right Side)
Tibialis Anterior
Gastrocnemius
Vastus Lateralls
Adductor Langus
Sarterius
Iliopoas
External Oblique
Rectus Adominus
Serratus Anterior
Pectoral Major
Neuromuscular Junction
Step 4
Once released, acetylcholine is diffused across a synaptic cleft and binds to acetylcholine receptors that contain ligand-gated cation channels at the edge of the synaptic clefts.
Step 5
The ligand- gated cation channels open up when the acetylcholine is placed on top. When it opens it allows that movement.
Step 3
Once the calcium channels open and allows entry of calcium to diffuse ultimately causing the synaptic vessels to release acetylcholine due to exocytosis
Step 6
Sodium enters while the Potassium leave the ligand-gated cation channels
Step 2
Calcium ions diffuse into the terminal because voltage- gated calcium channels open.
Step 7
after the membrane reaches its threshold potential from the sodium entry and potassium exit, the action potential propagates (expands/communicates) along the sarcolemma allowing a muscle to contract from its communication from the brain and once acetylcholine is broken down into an enzyme, the communication between the motor neuron and muscle fiber end.
Step 1
An action potential travels to an axon terminal by the length of an axon of a motor neuron
Sliding Filament of muscle contraction
Motor Neuron
sends along signals from the brain which contains vesicles and acetylcholine
Vesicles
Vesicles are stored within motor neuron; releasing acetylcholine into the T-Tubules
Acetylcholine
neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle fiber contraction at the neuromuscular junctions
produced in motor neuron and stored in synaptic vesicles
T-Tubule
carry acetylcholine down to the sarcoplasmic reticulum where calcium i released
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
releases its stored calcium to the cytosol of the muscle fiber
Actin Myofilament
the released calcium bins to an actin myofilament structure causing it to change shape, allowing myosin to form a cross-bridge
Cross-bridge
myosin head attaches to a binding site on the actin filament, forming a cross-bridge
Myosin
consists of two twisted strands
thick filament
ATP
energy of muscle fiber contraction comes from ATP
relies on Cellular Respiration
Sarcomere
Myofilaments
composed of both thick and thin filaments (myosin and actin)
Mitochondria
powerhouse cell
contributes to ATP production
dispersed through muscle fibers
Sarcolemma
surrounds the entire muscle fiber
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
network of tubes that are parallel to myofilaments
Transverse Tubes
perpendicular to myofilaments.
Actin
Thin filaments
globular protein arranged in twisted filaments
contains myosin binding sites
Z-Line
Boundary line that cuts off actin filament
I-Band
are made up of actin filaments
light bands
A-Band
Contain myosin and actin filaments
overlapping thick and thin filaments
dark bands
H-Zone
center of A zone
Action Potential in a muscle fiber
Muscle contraction activates along nerves of muscle
begins when the nervous system generates a signal
that signal of an impulse called an action potential, travels through a type of nerve cell called a motor neuron.
Muscle coverings
Skeletal
fascia
surround and separate each muscle
fascia blends with
epimysium
ayer of connective tissue around each skeletal muscle
perimysium
extends inward from the epimysium
it surrounds bundles of skeletal muscle fibers, called fascicles
each muscle cell (fiber) is called
endomysium
separates single muscle fibers from one another.
overlies the sarcolemma
3 types of Muscles & Functions
Cardiac
wall of the heart
Present
Single Nucleus
Network of cells contracts as unit
Branched; striations
Smooth
Walls of hollow viscera, blood vessels
single nucleus
contracts and relaxes slowly
Absent
No striations or branching
Skeletal
Skeletal muscles
Present
Many nuclei
Contracts and relaxes
Striations; no branching
Major functions of the muscular system
Skeletal
Movement of bones at joints, maintenance of posture
Cardiac
Pumping action of the heart
Smooth
Movement of viscera, peristalsis, vasoconstriction
Muscles (Frontal View; Left Side)
Flexor Carpi Radials
Palmaris Langus
Brachoradials
Grachilis
Biceps Brachi
Rectus Femoris
Deltoid
Vastus Medialis
Trapezius
Soleus
Fibularis Langus
Extensor Digitorium Langus
Sternocleidomastoid
Muscles (Dorsal View; Left side)
Triceps Brachil
Extensor Digitoriuns
Rhomboid Mayor
Bicep Femoris
Deltoid
Gastrochemius
Sternocleidomastoid
Soleus
Extensor Carpi Radialis
Muscle (Dorsal View; Right side)
Teres Major
Latissimus Dorsi
Infrapinatus
Gluetus Maximus
Traperzius
Semitendinosus
Seminembronous
Fibuloris Langus
Facial Muscles
Temporallis
Elevates & retracts mandible (jaw)
Zygomatus
Smile (elevates corner of mouth)
Buccinator
Compress of cheek; holds food between teeth during chewing
Orbicularis Cris
Pucker (closes and protrudes lips)
Fronttalis
Movement of eyebrows
Orbiculoris oculi
Closes eyes
Masseter
Pout (Elevate & protracts mandible
Platysma
Tense neck (Compress lower lip & angle of mouth)