Connective Tissue

Functions

Connect and anchor parts

Provide form and support to body and organs

Medium for exchange of nutrients, oxygens and waste products between other tissues

Defense and protection

Stores fat for cushioning and thermoregulation

Components

Cells

Resident cells

Wandering cells

Fibroblasts

Macrophages

Adipose cells

Mast cells

Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

  • Little movement

Inactive fibroblast(fibrocytes)

Active fibroblasts

Myofibroblasts

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  • Spindle-shaped, Smaller


    than active fibroblasts


  • Fewer processes


  • Small amount of rER


  • Smaller, darker and elongated


    nucleus

H150abk

  • Abundant and irregularly branched cytoplasm
  • Large ovoid pale-staining nucleus
  • Rich in rER, well developed Golgi complex

NIH_3T3

  • Features of both fibroblast and
    smooth muscle
  • Numerous in wound healing
  • Morphologic characteristics of fibroblast
  • Contain increased amounts of actin & myosin
    -Behave like smooth muscle
  • Structure : Narrow rim of cytoplasm,
    flattened and eccentric nucleus and appear
    as empty cells
  • Lipid droplet
  • Function : Store fats and produce heat
  • Location : Throughout loose connective tissue

  • Structure : Large, ovoid cells with spherical nucleus, cytoplasm filled with large basophilic secretory granules
  • Location: Not easily identified
  • Function : Store chemical mediators of inflammatory response
    -Substance release: Histamin

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images

Identified by phagocytic activity demonstrated by ingested India ink

Leukocytes

Plasma cell

Lymphocyte

  • Migrate from blood vessels
  • Do not return to blood exc lymphocytes
  • Spherical cells
  • Dense staining nuclei
  • Natural killer cells
  • Migrated in response to specific stimuli
  • Derived from b- lympocytes
  • Function :Synthesis antibodies
  • Location : Loose connective tissue associated with epithelial tissue
  • Structure: Large ovoid cells with eccentric and deeply stained nucleus (clock-face appearance)

Extracellular matrix

Fibers

Ground substance

Collagen

Reticular

Elastic

Type III

Type I

Type IV

  • Flexible and have high tensile strength
  • Stain with eosin
  • Appear as wavy structures of variable width and intermediate length
  • Appear as bundles of fine, thread-like subunits-collagen fibrils
  • Very strong & great resistance
    to tensile strength
  • Skin, tendons, ligaments and bone
  • Provide resistance to pressure
  • Hyaline and elastic cartilage
  • Thin and branching reticular fibers
  • Forms meshwork in liver, lymph node,
    spleen and hematopoietic organs
  • Basal lamina of basement membrane

Type II

  • Mainly type III collagen
  • Arranged in a mesh-like pattern or network
  • Abundant in liver, lymph node, spleen and hematopoietic organs
  • Support capillaries, nerves and muscle cells
  • Only visible when stained with SILVER STAIN
  • Thinner than collagen fibers
  • Arranged in branching pattern to form 3D network
  • Interwoven with collagen fibers to limit distensibility of tissue and prevent tearing from excessive stretching
  • Stain with eosin but not well
  • Ligamentum flava of vertebral column, vocal folds, elastic arteries
  • Viscous, clear substance that has a slippery feel
  • High water content
  • Fills the space between cells and fibers, lubricant and barrier to penetration of invaders
  • Forms glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and multi adhesive glycoproteins

Types

Connective tissue proper

Specialized Connective tissue

Supporting Connective Tissue

Embryonic Connective Tissue

Dense connective tissue

Loose connective tissue

Mucous connective tissue

Bone

Cartilage

Adipose tissue

Hematopoietic organ

Blood

  • Areolar
  • Thin fibers and relatively sparse
  • Ground substance abundant
  • Beneath epithelia that covers body surfaces and line internal surfaces of the body

Regular

Irregular

  • Abundance of fibers that are arranged in bundles oriented in various direction and few cells
  • Little ground substance
  • Present in submucosa of hollow organs and reticular layer of the dermis
  • Collagen bundles are arranged according
    to a definite pattern
  • eg : tendons, ligaments , aponeuroses

White adipose tissue

Brown adipose tissue

  • Unilocular
  • Hypodermis
  • Predominet in adult
  • The distribution and density are determined by age and sex
  • Insulating function in skin
  • Richly vascularzed
  • Polyhedral or spherical
  • Thin ring of cytoplasm surrounding the vacuole left by the dissolved lipid droplet
  • Eccentric and flattened nuclei
  • Moltilocular cells
  • Location: Human embryo, newborn and certain areas
  • Produce heat and protect newborn against cold
  • Polygoal and smaller than white
  • Cytoplasm -numerous lipid droplets and mitochondria
  • Nucleus - eccentric but not flattened