Connective Tissue
Functions
Connect and anchor parts
Provide form and support to body and organs
Medium for exchange of nutrients, oxygens and waste products between other tissues
Defense and protection
Stores fat for cushioning and thermoregulation
Components
Cells
Resident cells
Wandering cells
Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Adipose cells
Mast cells
Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
- Little movement
Inactive fibroblast(fibrocytes)
Active fibroblasts
Myofibroblasts
Spindle-shaped, Smaller
than active fibroblasts
Fewer processes
Small amount of rER
Smaller, darker and elongated
nucleus
- Abundant and irregularly branched cytoplasm
- Large ovoid pale-staining nucleus
- Rich in rER, well developed Golgi complex
- Features of both fibroblast and
smooth muscle - Numerous in wound healing
- Morphologic characteristics of fibroblast
- Contain increased amounts of actin & myosin
-Behave like smooth muscle
- Structure : Narrow rim of cytoplasm,
flattened and eccentric nucleus and appear
as empty cells - Lipid droplet
- Function : Store fats and produce heat
- Location : Throughout loose connective tissue
- Structure : Large, ovoid cells with spherical nucleus, cytoplasm filled with large basophilic secretory granules
- Location: Not easily identified
- Function : Store chemical mediators of inflammatory response
-Substance release: Histamin
Identified by phagocytic activity demonstrated by ingested India ink
Leukocytes
Plasma cell
Lymphocyte
- Migrate from blood vessels
- Do not return to blood exc lymphocytes
- Spherical cells
- Dense staining nuclei
- Natural killer cells
- Migrated in response to specific stimuli
- Derived from b- lympocytes
- Function :Synthesis antibodies
- Location : Loose connective tissue associated with epithelial tissue
- Structure: Large ovoid cells with eccentric and deeply stained nucleus (clock-face appearance)
Extracellular matrix
Fibers
Ground substance
Collagen
Reticular
Elastic
Type III
Type I
Type IV
- Flexible and have high tensile strength
- Stain with eosin
- Appear as wavy structures of variable width and intermediate length
- Appear as bundles of fine, thread-like subunits-collagen fibrils
- Very strong & great resistance
to tensile strength - Skin, tendons, ligaments and bone
- Provide resistance to pressure
- Hyaline and elastic cartilage
- Thin and branching reticular fibers
- Forms meshwork in liver, lymph node,
spleen and hematopoietic organs
- Basal lamina of basement membrane
Type II
- Mainly type III collagen
- Arranged in a mesh-like pattern or network
- Abundant in liver, lymph node, spleen and hematopoietic organs
- Support capillaries, nerves and muscle cells
- Only visible when stained with SILVER STAIN
- Thinner than collagen fibers
- Arranged in branching pattern to form 3D network
- Interwoven with collagen fibers to limit distensibility of tissue and prevent tearing from excessive stretching
- Stain with eosin but not well
- Ligamentum flava of vertebral column, vocal folds, elastic arteries
- Viscous, clear substance that has a slippery feel
- High water content
- Fills the space between cells and fibers, lubricant and barrier to penetration of invaders
- Forms glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and multi adhesive glycoproteins
Types
Connective tissue proper
Specialized Connective tissue
Supporting Connective Tissue
Embryonic Connective Tissue
Dense connective tissue
Loose connective tissue
Mucous connective tissue
Bone
Cartilage
Adipose tissue
Hematopoietic organ
Blood
- Areolar
- Thin fibers and relatively sparse
- Ground substance abundant
- Beneath epithelia that covers body surfaces and line internal surfaces of the body
Regular
Irregular
- Abundance of fibers that are arranged in bundles oriented in various direction and few cells
- Little ground substance
- Present in submucosa of hollow organs and reticular layer of the dermis
- Collagen bundles are arranged according
to a definite pattern - eg : tendons, ligaments , aponeuroses
White adipose tissue
Brown adipose tissue
- Unilocular
- Hypodermis
- Predominet in adult
- The distribution and density are determined by age and sex
- Insulating function in skin
- Richly vascularzed
- Polyhedral or spherical
- Thin ring of cytoplasm surrounding the vacuole left by the dissolved lipid droplet
- Eccentric and flattened nuclei
- Moltilocular cells
- Location: Human embryo, newborn and certain areas
- Produce heat and protect newborn against cold
- Polygoal and smaller than white
- Cytoplasm -numerous lipid droplets and mitochondria
- Nucleus - eccentric but not flattened