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Mycology - Coggle Diagram
Mycology
Opportunistic (treatment similar)
Candida
Albicans, Glabrata, auris
Properties
Oval yeast
Normal flora
Pseudohyphae
Differential
Carbohydrate fermentation
Temp. growth
Germ tube formation
Transmission
passage thru birth canal
skin penetration
disruption of normal flora
Neutropenia predisposes to it
Clinical findings
Thrush in mouth
Vaginitis
pH
increase
Diabetes
Antibiotics
Lactobacillus
Wet skin rash
Diaper infants
Finger nails
IL-17 def
CMC
organ transplant
immunosuppressive drugs
R- endocarditis and endophthalmitis
IVDU
Catheters
Esophagitis
leukemia/ lymphoma pts
Diagnosis
Calcofluorwhite staining
Spore and hyphae formation
PCR
MALDI-TOF
Cryptococcus
Properties
Narrow based bud
Transmission
Soil
Bird droppings
Eucalyptus trees
C. gatti
Clinical
asymptomatic lung infection
Dissemination
Meningitis
AIDs patient
IRIS
HAART
C. gatti
worse in immunocompetent
granulomas in brain
Diagnosis
India ink
halo cells
Methenamine silver, mucicarmine, PAS
Latex
CRAG
capsular antigen
Aspergillus
Properties
Molds
Septate hyphae
V-shaped
Parallel walls
Radiating conidia
Airborne
Clinical
Fungal sinusitis
ABPA
IgE titer
Expectorate
brown bronchial plugs
hyphae
Aspergilloma
TB
Change position
A. flavus
Aflatoxin
Angioinvasive aspergillosis
Hemoptysis
Brain abscess
Diagnosis
Hyphae visualisation
invasive
Galactomannan antigen
Mucor/Rhizopus
Saprophytic
Airborne
immunocompromised
Posaconazole
Paranasal sinuses
Lung, gut
Necrosis
DKA
Burns, Bone marrow transplant, leukemia
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis
Nonseptate hyphae
irregular walls
right angle branching
contained within a sporangium
Pneumocystis
Systemic (same treatment)
Coccidioides
Properties
Dimorphic
Mold
Spherule
Epidemiology
SW US
California
Latin America
Arthrospores
carried by wind
earthquakes
Pathogenesis
Granulomatous inflammation
CNS
Bone
Disseminated
low cell mediated immunity
Clinical
Valley fever
Lung changes
pneumonia
infiltrates
abscess
effusion
Arthralgia
Erythema nodosum
extensor surface
indicator of good prognosis
T-IV reaction
Disseminated
CNS
Bone
Skin
Diagnosis
Specimen
Agar
Skin test
5mm induration 48hrs
2-3wks
anergy disseminated
Serologic testing
PCR
Histoplasma
Properties
Dimorphic
Tuberculate macroconidia
Microconidia
Epidemiology
Ohio
Mississipi River Valley
Birds
Bats in caves
Pathology
Macrophages
alkaline substance
disable phagolysosome
Liver and spleen spread
Granulomatous
heal by calcification
pneumonia and cavitary lung lesion
intense
AIDs
Pancytopenia
ulcerated tongue
EN
good prognosis
Diagnosis
Yeast cells within macrophages
Agar
Skin test
2-3wks
Many false + and -
Serology test
CF
fall inactive
rise disseminated
ID
more specific
no cross reactivity with blastomycosis
less sensitive
Blastomyces
Properties
Dimorphic
Broad based budding
Epidemiology
same as Histoplasma
plus Great Lake region
Soil
Pathology
Rarely asymptomatic
DIsseminated
Skin
Bone
Brain
Diagnosis
Budding
Pear shaped conidia
No value
Skin test
Serology test
Surgery can be done
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Properties
Dimorphic
multiple buds
Epidemiology
Latin America
Pathology
Asymptomatic
Lung lesions
Oral mucosa, lymph node enlargement
Diagnosis
Captains wheel appearance
Specimen grown
Serology test
Cutaneous
Dermatophytoses
Microsporum
spread by animal
Epidermophyton
Trichophyton
Tonsurans
Tinea capitis
Schonleinii
Favus
Kerion formation
Dermatophytids
Diagnosis
KOH scraping preps
Woods lamp
Microsporum
Sabouraud Agar
Treatment
Terbinafine
Griseofulvin
Prevention and control
Micanazole and Itraconazole
Tinea versicolor
Malasezzia furfur
Asymptomatic
hypopigmented areas
Hot and humid areas
KOH prep
spaghetti and meatball look
-azoles or liquid nitrogen/salicylic acid
Tinea Nigra
Cladosporium Werneckii
Brownish stain
Skin scraping cultured
Salicylic acid treatment
Subcutaneous
Sporotrichosis
Sporothrix schenkii
Rose bush
Gardeners
HIV patients
disseminated disease
Local pustules
nodules along draining lymphatics
Diagnosis
Dimorphic
Cigar shaped yeasts
Slender conidiophores
resembling daisy
Treatment
Itraconazole
SSKI
Chromomycosis
Dematiaceous fungi
dark hyphae
dark brown round fungal cells seen
Thru trauma
from soil
Granulamatous
wart-like lesions with crusting abscess along lymphatics
Tropics
bare hand and feet
Treatment
Flucytosine
Thiobendazole
Local surgery
Mycetoma
Soil fungi
enter by wounds
Abscess
pus thru sinus
pus has granules
granules similar to Nocardia
No drug
only surgery