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Muscular System-Gabriel Cruz P2 - Coggle Diagram
Muscular System-Gabriel Cruz P2
Action potential in a muscle fiber
Action potential is created after neuronmuscular junction function, and travels down the sarcolemma
This reaction then travles down the t-tublues which causes the SR to release calcuim to the sarcomere to cause contraction
Muscle covering (biggest to smallest)
Connective tissue covering
Fascia(dense CT): surrond the muscle
Tendons: that fuse to the bone
Epimysium: around each skeletal muscle
Perimysium: extend inward and surrounds fascicles which are bundles of skeletal muscle fibers
Endomysium: cover muscle fiber
Fascicle: which contain nerves, blood vessels, & muscle fiber
Muscle fibers contain: sarcolemma(membrane), sarcoplasm (cytoplasm), nucleus, SR, myofirbril, and filaments
Major Functions of Muscular System
Help produce heat in the body to keep our body temp maintained
To be able to contract when it is needed
Movement: weather that be voluntary or involuntary. For example the movement of the arms and legs.
To generate a force to cause movement
Neuronmuscular junction
Step 4) Acetylcholine goes out of the axon terminal and cross the synaptic celft, which ACh receptors are located and they bind together. The receptors contain ligand gated cation channels
Step 5) Ligand-gated channels open
Step 3) Calcium causes synaptic Vesicles within the axon terminal to release acetycholine(ACh)
Step 6) Sodium ions are able to go across the channel to enter the muscle fiber. Potassium ions exits the muscle fiber, and this cause the membrane potential to be less negative
Step 2) Calcium from the SR go through calcium changles into the axon terminal.
Step 7) After these reactions another reaction occurs which gets sent through the sarcolemma
Step 1) An impulse from a nerve travels down the motor neuron down to the axon terminal.
Name of all the skeletal muscles/facial muscles
Front
Front Upper Half:
Rectus abdominis: is the six pack
External oblique: located below the serratus
Bicep Brachii: located middle part of the humerus
Serratus Anterior: below the best part at the top part and looks like bumps.
Brachioradialis: located to the radius side(forearm)
Pectorails Major: which is the located in the chest
Felxor carpi radialis: located between the radius and ulna(forearm)
Deltoid: which is on the front and back and it is located top part of the humerus bone.
Flexor carpi ulnaris: located closes in the ulna(forearm)
Trapezius: located on the shoulders and most of the back(front and back)
Iliopsoas: located in the groin region
strernocieidomasroid: it is located on the neck (front and back)
Bottom Lower Half
Vastus Laterails: part that is most lateral
Tabialis anterior: furthest on the tibula side
Rectus Femoris: which is the largest in the thigh region
Extensor digitorum longus: next to the tabialis
Vastus Medials: which is medial to the the middle
Fibulairs longus: closes to the fibula side.(front and back)
Sartorius: which lines the thigh all the way down to the knee cap
Gastrocnemis: meaty part of the calf(front and back)
Adductor Longus: still in the inner part of thigh and is next to the gracilis
Soleus: below the meaty part of the calf(front and back)
Gracilis: which is the inner most part of the muscle in the thigh
Back
Back Upper half
Letisismus dorsal; makes up the lower back half of the back
Triceps Brachii: behind the biceps
Extensor radilis longus: back of the forearm closes to the radius
Rhombiod Major: located to the left of the infranspinatus
Extensor digitorum: behind the forearm closes to the ulna
Tres Major: located to the right of infraspinatus
Gluteus Maximus: the butt
Infraspinatus: located btw the deltoid and trapizus
Bottom Back Lower Half
Semitendinosus: to the left of femoris
Semimembranosus: inner most part of the back of the thigh
Biceps Fermois: fibula side
Facial Muscles
Orbicularis Oris: its function is to close the lips or pucker them up. It is located around the mouth.
Zygomaticus: its function is to raise the mouth like to smile. It is located be the cheek bone to the corner of the mouth.
Buccinator: its function is to compress the cheeks. It located near the mouth and look to have a triangular shape.
Orbicularis Oculi: its function is to close/blink the eyes. Its located below the frontails and besides the eyes.
Masseter: its function is to move the jaw and is the prime mover. It is located more lateral to the buccinator.
Temporalis: Its function is to close or elevate the jaw. It is location besides the frontails. (temporalis is the same location as temporal part)
Platysma: is function is to tense the neck. It is located in the neck
Frontails: its function is to raise the eyebrows meaning it it located in the forehead part (remember the skull frontal portion so the location is right there)
3 Types of Muscles & their functions
Smooth Muscle
Function: help move blood and food through the body in the hollow tubes
Characteristics:
Single nucleus
Lack t-tub
No striations
involuntary movement
Location: hollow walls of the body like blood vessels
Contraction: Slow to contract and relax (have ACh and norepinephrine
Cardiac Muscle
Function:pumps the heart
Characteristics:
Single nucleus
T-tub and have intercalated dics
Have striations
Involuntary movement
Location: in the heart
Contraction:rhythmic contraction
Skeletal Muscle
Characteristics
Many nuclei
well develop T-tubule
Have striations
voluntary movemnt
Function: Movement of the skeleton at joints to maintain posture
Contraction: contracts/ relaxes fast(only has ACh)
Location:attached to the skeleton
Sarcomere
Other structures
Transverse tubles: that transfer a reaction to sarcolemma
Sarcolemma: membrane of sarcomere
Mitochondra: which create ATP for contraction
Sacroplasmic Reticulum(SR): that store calcium
One unit of sarcomere structures:
I-Band
Actin Filament(thin)
Z-line: zigzag shape that marks the start/end of the sarcomere
Stretches to the end of a z line to a start of a new one
A-Band
Myosin filament (thick)
Have H-zone where the actin filament ends and in the space has a M-line
Stretches to where both filaments are next to each other until there not
Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
With this myosin filament head attaches to the actin filament this then forms a cross bridge
This causes the head to pull the actin
Calcium binds to actin filament
Then head of myosin releases and pulls on the next actin site
Impulse is sent causing neronmusclular junction
This constain pulling causes the sarcomere to shorten
Muscle then is able to contract