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charvak, Rejection of Transcendental Reality, jagat, soul,…

- - - - only Empirical Realities accepted
      - Jagat is real.
        
        4 kinds of material realities.
        
        Earth.
        
        Air.
        
        wind
        
        Fire
        
        Ultimate realities
        
        Materialist pluralism.
    - - hedonism
        
        Pleasure, highest aim of life.
      - Egoistic hedonism
        
        On our own.
      - Gross hedonism
        
        physical pleasure
      - this wordly
- - - - god
      - soul
      - heaven
      - hell
      - rebirth
- - - - accepted as pramana
      - reject inference
      - rejected verbal testimony
  - - - god
        
        refutation of god
        
        in nyaya visheka vedanta philosophy existence of god is accepted
        
        god existence cant bea ccpeted on the basis of inference since infern]ce is itself not source of valid know
        
        god existence cant be accepted on the basis verbal testimony
        since verbal testimony is source of valid knowledge
        
        charvaks has rejected god sicne it is beyond
        
        if god's existence on the basis vedas or vedic statements it will lead to circular fallacy with existence of god
        
        identification of reliable person on the basis on infernce so it cant be accepted as valid
        
        naturalism(svabhavvad)
        
        it is said by charvaka that due to inherent nature of earth, air, water & fire they associate with each other and due to their association world comes out. world is an accidental result of 4 kinds of material elements and world is a result of association of 4 kinds of material elements
      - soul
        
        according to charvaka there is no soul as such which is eternal permanent and independent from body since it is not perceived
        
        accepted consciousness
        
        in other phislo. sys. couns. is accepted as related to soul for ex i
        
        nyaya visheshika consciousness is accep. as accidental quality of soul.
        
        jain and ramanuj consciousness is accepted as neccessary quality of jiva
        
        samkya and sankara soul is accepted as conscious in nature
        
        charvaka related to body
        
        according to charvaka consiousness is accidental quality of body
        
        when 4 kinds of material elements combines with each other consciousness is accepted
        
        consciousness is by product
        
        arguments
        
        so far as body exist cons, exist
        
        statements like i am fat i am soul shows that cons. is related to body
        
        soul is nothing that body with cons.
        
        as soon as body exist cons. exist
        
        body qualified with consciousness
        
        soul is accepted as identical to body
        
        2 more items...
      - heaven
        
        cant be beyond perception
        
        those in pleasant condition they are heaven and suffering he got hell
      - liberation
      - why?
        
        beyond perception
      - rebirth
        
        cant be accepted since they are beyond perception
        
        according to charvaka as soon as body is destroyed soul is destroyed
        
        if soul takes birth it have knowledge of previous birth
      - liberaton
        
        notion of liberation is related to soul since charvaka has rejected soul that's why is has rejected liberation
        
        liberation means complete cessation of suffering but according charvaka it is possible after death. but death cant be accepted as highest aim of life
        
        kama is the highest aim of wealth and artha is a means of actualize6
    - - jagat as real
      - 4 kinds of material elements
        
        earth
        
        air
        
        water
        
        fire
      - earth
- - - - betel leaf arica combied
- - - - If it is proved on the basis of verbal testimony then again it will lead to fallacy of patitio princ ii
      - petitio principii
        
        inference
        
        vayapti
        
        verbal testimony
        
        reliable person
    - - what is inference
        
        Inference or anuman means after knowledge or knowledge based on prior knowledge
        Anu(after) + Man(knowledge)
      - what is vyapti
        
        Prior Knowledge means Vyapti
        
        ex: where there is smoke there is fire(see notebook for diagram)
        
        deductive inference
        
        statement1:smoke(hetu-middle term) on mountain(minor term-(paksha)
        Statement 2: where there is smoke there is fire(Vyapti-Universal Realation)
        conclusion: there is fire on mountain
        
        vayapti is Invariable unconditional concomitance universal relation between middle term(hetu) and major term(sadhya)
      - charvak arguments
        
        vyapti can't be proved on the basis of perception sense. since Area of perception is limited. If Vyapti is proved on the basis of. perceived Particular relation than it will. Lead to fallacy of illicit generalization
  - - - itself a result of illicit genetalization
- - - - This world
        
        space and time
      - Transcendental existence
        
        god
        
        soul
- - - - theory where origin of cons. is explaned on the basis of matter
- - - - particular to universal
        *comment: we all have tendency to go from particular to universal
        
        used by scientist
        
        example
        
        all dogs are rats
        
        all rats are horses
        
        conclusion
        
        all dogs are horses
        comment: if we found a dog who is not a rat above state. goes wrong, hence inductive knowledge is not certain