Pragmatic approach to discourse analysis
Some basic concepts
Bases for inferencing
The co-operative principle
Reference
Entailment
Presupposition
Inferencing
Implicatures
Reference is the relationship which holds between words and things
A distinction to be made between the reference of a word, which is the object designated, and the sense of a word.
Entailment as a concept from formal logic may be defined this way: When a proposition X is true, a proposition Y must therefore be true, then proposition X entails proposition Y.
Presupposition is the assumption the speaker makes about what the hearer is likely to accept without challenge
Process of reaching a conclusion based on facts or evidence
Implicatures is used by G Ice to account for what a speaker can imply, suggest, or mear as a distinct from what the speaker literally says
The assumption
Background knowledge
Conceptual meaning of
utterance
Informal reasoning
Cooperative Principle and its maxims
Conversational implicature
Quantity
Relation
Manner
Quality