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Chemistry, Organic chemistry - Coggle Diagram
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Organic chemistry
crude oil
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fractional distillation
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1.crude oil enters the fractionating column, which is very hot at the bottom and colder at the top
- as it enters the column, it evaporates into vapour and rises
- hydrocarbons in the crude oil with the longest chain of carbon atoms will condense at the base of the column where it is hottest
- as the vapours rise, the hydrocarbons remaining will condense at the appropriate level for the temperature of their boiling point
- fractions containing fewer carbon atoms will condense at the top of the column, having lower boiling points than those with longer chains
fractions, in order from top of column to bottom, and their uses
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in car engines, the temperature reached is high enough to form nitrogen and oxygen from air to react, forming nitrogen oxides
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cracking
the process of breaking the longer chains of some hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful hydrocarbons
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also produces alkenes, which are used for polymers (see Alkenes)
introduction
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terminology
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functional group
a group of atoms bonded in a specific arrangement that influences the properties of the homologous series
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