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Epidemology & Evolution of COVID-19, Sun J, He W-T, Wang L, Lai A, Ji…
Epidemology & Evolution of COVID-19
Types of CoV
SARS-CoV
human-to-human transmission
MERS-CoV
not transmittable to humans
animal origin
bats, farm and domestic animals
cross-disciplinary collaboration
small transmission barrier between species when compared to humans
higher reproductive (R0) number
named COVID-19 by WHO
December 2019 in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China pinpointed to a seafood market
Declared public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020
Divided into 3 phases
Phase 1 China CDC confirms coronovirus
Phase 2 Human to human transmissions reported Jan. 20
Officially named COVID-19 by WHO & SARS-CoV-2 by ICTV
phylogenetic tree used to construct evolutionary history, maximum likelihood (ML)
Found link to bats
transmission determined by spike protein (S) similar to other CoV
N terminal domain (NTD) and C terminal domain (CTD)
molecular structure able to show membrain fusion of the virus that
19 amino acids used to determine transmission between species
ACE2 from humans and other species
enfuvirtide viral therapy
prevents conformational change with the membrane of cells
drugs that target acyltransferases
because of possible zoonotic potential veterinarian involvement in prevention and control
mortality rates correlated with underlying conditions
more pathogenic in the early phases (1 and 2)
no evidence of transmission from mother to baby during pregnancy
Sun J, He W-T, Wang L, Lai A, Ji X, Zhai X, Li G, Suchard MA, Tian J, Zhou J, et al. COVID-19: Epidemiology, evolution, and cross-disciplinary perspectives. Trends in molecular medicine. 2020;26(5):483–495.