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HYPERTENSION, Significant association: hypertension & increased…

- - - - Accounts for 95% of all cases of hypertension
      - Factors
        
        Lifestyle (Hypertensinogenic factors)
        
        insulin resistance
        
        high alcohol intake
        
        obesity/ weight gain (each 10% weight gain is associated with a 6.5 mm Hg increase in systolic BP)
        
        high salt intake
        
        sedentary lifestyle
        
        stress
        
        dyslipidemia (inherited or lifestyle factors)
        
        low potassium or calcium intake
        
        Genetic (Inherited)
      - Often known to be idiopathic despite the little information on genetic variations
  - - - Thyroid problems
        
        Abnormal thyroid functions
        
        May lead to high blood pressure
      - Coarctation
        
        Constriction or tightening of Aorta
        
        Restricts normal blood flow
        
        Lead to high blood pressure
      - Hyperparathyroidism
        
        Overproduce hormones that regulates the calcium levels in the blood by the parathyroid glands
        
        May lead to high blood pressure
      - Obstructive sleep apnea
        
        collapsed passages in the upper airways caused pauses breathing during sleeping
      - Adrenal disease
        
        When adrenal glands have problem, it caused the hormones in body become unbalanced
        
        will cause
        
        Conn's Syndrome/Primary Aldosteronism
        
        salt-retaining hormone aldosterone were overproduced by the body
        
        Cushing's Syndrome
        
        too much cortisol hormone
        
        Pheochromocytoma
        
        tumor of adrenal glands that overproduce epinephrine and norepinephrine
        
        lead to high blood pressure
      - Certain medications side effect
        
        Eg : Hormonal contraceptives pills, non-steroidal anti inflammatory agents (ototoxic), diet pills, stimulants, anti-depressants (ototoxic), immune system suppressants, decongestants.
      - Kidney disease
        
        Injuries to the kidney or arteries that are too narrow will lead to poor blood supply to organ
        
        Trigger higher production of renin hormone
        
        Renin leads to production of a specific protein that leads to high blood pressure
- - - - Diuretics medicines
        
        Bumetanide
        
        Furosemide
        
        OTOTOXICITY DRUG
        
        causing
        
        Damaged of hair cells
        
        2 more items...
        
        cannot be diagnosed
        
        Patient's history/ background
        
        1 more item...
        
        is defined as
        
        A pharmacological adverse reaction affecting the inner ear or auditory nerve, characterized by cochlear or vestibular dysfunction.
- - - - Blood test - to determine secondary hypertension due to a serious or treatable health condition
      - Urine test - help determine if diabetes, kidney failure, or drugs are contributing to high blood pressure
      - Blood pressure test - measured at the healthcare provider's using blood pressure cuff
  - - - CT Scan or MRI - to evaluate the kidneys or adrenal glands
      - Electrocardiogram (ECG) - high blood pressure cause heart rhythm abnormalities.
      - Ultrasound - evaluating the kidneys and the blood vessels
      - Echocardiogram - excessively high blood pressure produce changes in echocardiography
- - - - Early Hypertension
        
        Late Hypertension
        
        Plaque buildup on vascular wall and hypertrophy
        
        Damaged blood vessels
        
        HEARING LOSS
        
        Management
        
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        Physiology
        
        2 more items...
        
        End of organ damage