Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Personality, • - Coggle Diagram
Personality
Concept
-
Origin
• From the Latin word persona, which was a mask used by actors in Roman theatres.
In psychology, it means
• Our characteristic ways of responding to individuals and situations.
• They are unique & relatively stable.
Features of personality
• It has both physical and psychological components.
• Its expression in terms of behavior is fairly unique in a given situation.
• Its main features do not easily change with time.
• It is dynamic.
-
Type Approaches
Hippocrates
• Based on fluid and humor.
• Four types
Sanguine (air): extraverted + calm
Phelgmatic (water): introverted + calm
Melanchonic (earth): introverted + neurotic
Chloeric (fire): extraverted + neurotic
-
Sheldon
• Based on body build & temperament.
Endomorphic
• Fat, soft, and round.
• Relaxed and sociable.
Mesomorphic
• Strong musculature; rectangular with a strong body build.
• Energetic and courageous.
Ectomorphic
• Thin, long, and fragile body.
• Artistic and introvert.
Friedman and Roseman
• 4 types
Type A
• Posses high motivation
• Lack patience
• Feel short of time
• Always being burdened
• Prone to hypertension & coronorary heart disease (chd)
Type B
• Low motivation
• Have patience
• Never feel out of time
• Never in a hurry and laid back
• Don't feel like they are always burdened
Type C
• Cooperative
• Assertive
• Patient
• Suppress negative emotions
• Show compliances to authority
• Prone to cancer
Type D
• Prone to depression
Trait Approaches
Trait approach attempts to identify primary characteristics of people.
What is a trait?
• A trait is a relatively enduring attribute or quality on which one individual differs from another.
Characteristics of traits
• Relatively stable over time
• Generally consistent across situations
• Strengths and combinations vary across individuals.
Allport's Trait Theory
• Given by Gordon Allport, who is considered the Pioneer of Trait Approach.
Theory
• The words people use to describe themselves and others provide a basis for understanding personality.
Categoritzation
• Traits are categorized into three types.
• Cardinal, central, and secondary traits.
Cardinal traits
• Highly generalized dispositions.
• Indicate the goal around which a person's entire life seems to revolve.
Central traits
• Often used in writing a testimonial or job recommendation for a person.
• Words like sincere, diligent, etc.
Secondary traits
• Least generalized.
• Most related to the person.
• Example: Likes ethnic clothes.
-
Eysenck's Theory
• Proposed by H.J. Eysenck.
• Believed that personality could be reduced into two broader categories. A third category was proposed in a later work of his.
• There are three dimensions which subsume a number of specific traits.
PEN
• Psychoticism vs. Stability
• Extraversion vs. Introversion
• Neuroticism vs. Emotional Stability
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
• A test used to study the three dimensions.
-