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interviews - Coggle Diagram
interviews
interview
strengths
In face-to-face interviews, the interviewer can respond more flexibly to gain useful, detailed info.
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weaknesses
Researcher bias can occur. The expectations of the interviewer may alter the way the respondent answers questions.
Only some people are willing to fill out questionnaires or participate in interviews so may not be representative of the population.
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questionaires
strengths
Easy to administer and can be emailed to participants, making them time and cost efficient.
Participants maybe more truthful than in an interview if answers are personal as they are writing them down without immediate judgement of someone.
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weaknesses
Response biases – e.g. tending always to say no, or always ticking the same box for every question.
Limited because unlike unstructured interviews there is less flexibility. If someone has written an answer that you do not understand, it can lead to the research being misinterpreted
open questions
strengths
They produce qualitative data, giving participants an opportunity to fully express their opinions, thus increasing validity.
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weaknesses
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Interpretation of data is subjective, leading to bias. This can lead to issues of validity. In addition, the inconsistency of interpreting data can lead to low inter-rater reliability.
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closed questions
strengths
can count how often someone gives a response providing quantitative data. --> easier to compare data and put into graph --> spot trends in data
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Closed questions are more likely to be structured in a certain order, there fore high in internal reliability.
Due to time efficiency, large samples can be collected increasing generalisability.
Quantitative data easy to analyse e.g. find median, modes and draw graphs.
weaknesses
only provide quantitative data, as you limit the number of responses the participant gives, so their response is lacking in detail
Lacks detail, participants can’t express opinions fully, lacks validity.
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The score for all participants on each question is only nominal data so only the mode can be calculated. Limited analysis.
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structured interviews
strengths
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Structured interviews and questionnaires can be easily assessed for reliability and improved by removing or changing inconsistent items.
Structured interviews and questionnaires can be easily repeated to increase external and internal reliability.
weaknesses
Structured interviews are limited by fixed questions, lack validity.
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scale questions
strengths
scale questions are less restrictive, as participants have a wider scale of options to choose from, this could improve validity.
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weaknesses
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scale questions can be subjective – someones 2 maybe another’s 3 – therefore reliability and consistency may be an issue
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