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Truman Doctrine and Marshal Plan - Coggle Diagram
Truman Doctrine and Marshal Plan
Iron curtain Speech
‘an iron curtain has descended across the continent of Europe’
described the USSR's behaviour in Eastern Europe
Winston Churchill, no longer Prime Minister, gave a significant speech in March 1946 in Fulton, USA
Truman Doctrine
"I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way."
He committed to giving political, military and financial aid to countries to stop the spread of communism
Marshal plan
money was spent to encourage trade with the United States
Technical Assistance Program was designed to implement improvements aimed at increasing productivity
Marshall Plan provided economic assistance
USA gave European nations $12.7bn
biggest recipients were Britain and France
Britain received $2.7bn in Marshall Aid
west Germany only received $1.7bn
Turkey received £137 million
Josef Stalin stopped any communist nations supported by the Soviet Union from accepting Marshall Aid
Soviet View
Soviet Politburo viewed the Marshall Plan as an example of America's 'economic imperialism'
US View
Soviets were trying to isolate Eastern Europe from the West
In reality, given the fact that most of the aid went to Britain and France, this view is challenged
USA thought that giving rebuilding, poor nations money would stop people from supporting communism
Demanding equality and redistribution of all wealth was likely to be more attractive to starving & unemployed people
domino effect
Truman's 1947 speech
Soviet Union had control of Poland, Romania and Bulgaria
Truman was scared countries in Eastern Europe and Middle East would fall to Communism
Def: communist governments then support communist revolutions
Containment
Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan, the USA sought to contain communism
Truman Doctrine and the 1947 Marshall Plan increased tensions between the Soviets and the US