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THE SPANISH WAR OF INDEPENDENCE - Coggle Diagram
THE SPANISH WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
War independence
saw the Spanish population fight against the French
1808 to 1813
On 2 May 1808
the people of Madrid
rose up against the French occupation
hey failed to overthrow the French
Despite their defeat...
other parts of Spain
the Spanish War of Independence began
were encouraged by their actions
The course of the war
Local and provincial councils
were formed to fight against the French
these committees were governmental organisations
members were elected by the people
people were voting to choose their representatives
Central Council
represented the absent Fernando VII
in areas that had not been occupied by the French.
Central Council had both executive and legislative power
managed the war effort and could sign treaties
Several phases
1808
Spanish forces won several victories
Battle of Bailén
temporarily stopped the French from reaching Andalucí
1808–1812
guerrilla warfare
Napoleon came to Spain to oversee the French occupation
sieges in some cities
the French occupied all of Spain except for Cádiz
1812–1813
Central Council
signed a military alliance with Great Britain
Napoleon withdrew some of his troops from Spain in order to send them to Russia
The Anglo-Spanish and Portuguese troops
led by the Duke of Wellington
won at...
Los Arapiles
Vitoria
San Marcial
Treaty of Valençay
Fernando VII returned to the throne
Napoleon signed
French to withdraw from Spain
The consequences...
were devastating for Spain
Agriculture was abandoned, and cities and industries were destroyed
almost a million people died in the war
The Cádiz Cortes
The Central Council...
took refuge in Cádiz from the advancing French troops
was replaced by the Regency Council
called the Cádiz Cortes
1810
The Cádiz Cortes
the first unified cortes
each deputy (or representative of the Spanish people) had an individual vote
no longer based on the estates system
Each deputy represented the whole nation rather than the estate into which he had been born
223 deputies
were elected by the Spanish and American provinces
Most of them were clergy, military men, lawyers and merchants
so the bourgeoisie were well-represented
Different groups
the supporters of Enlightenment ideas
wanted to end the Ancien Régime in Spain
establish a constitutional monarchy with popular sovereignty and the separation of powers
the absolutists
wanted the king to be restored as an absolute monarch
Cádiz Cortes approved Spain's first constitution
the Constitution of 1812
Enlightenment ideas of liberty and equality
